On the problem of tool destruction when obtaining fixed joints of thick-walled aluminum alloy blanks by friction welding with mixing

OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Том 23 № 3 2021 EQUIPMEN . INSTRUM TS Vol. No. 3 2021 Fig. 4. Longitudinal cross-section of sample No. 4 with the stuck piece of tool at the beginning ( а ) and the end of the weld ( b ): 1 – stir zone formed by tool shoulders; stir zone formed by tool groove; 2 – in the upper part of the weld; 3 – in the middle of the weld; 4 – in the lower part of the weld a b Fig. 5. Magnified images of the tool fragments in the sample No. 2 ( a, b ) and in sample No. 4 ( c, d ) a b c d