Study of the stress-strain and temperature fields in cutting tools using laser interferometry

OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Том 23 № 3 2021 EQUIPMEN . INSTRUM TS Vol. No. 4 2021 Conclusion New experimental methods for studying deformation and temperature fi elds based on laser interferometry are developed. These methods make it possible to perform experiments with real workpiece and tool materials under real dynamic cutting-process conditions. In contrast to infrared thermometry, our method for studying temperature fi elds has high spatial resolution and a signi fi cantly smaller fi eld of view, owing to the use of light in the visible range of the spectrum. In addition, the method is more reliable because there is no interference from short-wave radiation on oxide fi lms and because the coef fi cient of thermal expansion is used for calculating temperatures, which, unlike emissivity, does not depend on the surface quality and can be measured with high accuracy on modern dilatometers. The special design of the interferometer, including an optical wedge rigidly fi xed to the tool holder, made it possible to minimize the in fl uence of vibrations, which is the main error source in methods based on interferometry. In addition, the use of polarized optical components reduced the loss of luminous fl ux and signi fi cantly increased the quality of the recorded interference patterns, which is very important for high-speed video recording with ultra-fast exposure. The ef fi ciency of the developed interferometric methods is experimentally con fi rmed by cutting high- alloy steel grade X13Cr11Ni2W2MoV ( EI961 ) with a tool made of cemented tungsten carbide grade WC-8Co ( VK8 ) with a negative rake angle of 5º; stress components and temperature fi elds in the tool are obtained. References 1. Buryta D., Sowerby R., Yellowley I. Stress distributions on the rake face during orthogonal machining. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture , 1994, vol. 34, iss. 5, pp. 721 ‒ 739. DOI: 10.1016/0890- 6955(94)90054-X. 2. Laakso S.V.A., Bushlya V., Ståhl J.-E. The correct way of splitting tools – Optimization of instrument design for measuring contact stress distribution. Procedia Manufacturing , 2018, vol. 25, pp. 97 ‒ 102. DOI: 10.1016/j. promfg.2018.06.062. 3. Grédiac M., Sur F., Blaysat B. The grid method for in-plane displacement and strain measurement: a review and analysis. Strain , 2016, vol. 52, iss. 3, pp. 205–243. DOI: 10.1111/str.12182. 4. Dong Z., Zhang X.-M., Xu W.-J., Ding H. Stress fi eld analysis in orthogonal cutting process using digital image correlation technique. Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering , 2017, vol. 139, p. 031001. DOI: 10.1115/1.4033928. 5. Ramesh K., Sasikumar S. Digital photoelasticity: recent developments and diverse applications. Optics and Lasers in Engineering , 2020, vol. 135. DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2020.106186. 6. Isogimi K., Kitagawa T., Kurita H. Fundamental research of stress analysis in cutting tool by means of caustics method. Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering , 1988, vol. 54, iss. 2, pp. 390 ‒ 395. DOI: 10.2493/jjspe.54.390. 7. Flores-Moreno J.M., Torre-Ibarra M.D.L., Hernandez-Montes M.D.S., Santoyo F.M. DHI contemporary methodologies: a review and frontiers. Optics and Lasers in Engineering , 2020, vol. 135, p. 106184. DOI: 10.1016/j. optlaseng.2020.106184. 8. Torre I.M. De la, Hernandez-Montes M.D.S., Flores-Moreno J.M., Santoyo F.M. Laser speckle based digital optical methods in structural mechanics: a review. Optics and Lasers in Engineering , 2016, vol. 87, pp. 32 ‒ 58. DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2016.02.008. 9. Razumovsky I.A. Interferentsionno-opticheskie metody mekhaniki deformiruemogo tverdogo tela [Inter- ference-optical methods of solid mechanics]. Moscow, Bauman MSTU Publ., 2007. 240 p. ISBN 5-7038-2731-4. 10. Longbottom J.M., Lanham J.D. Cutting temperature measurement while machining – a review. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology , 2005, vol. 77, iss. 2, pp. 122 ‒ 130. DOI: 10.1108/00022660510585956. 11. Komanduri R.A., Hou Z.B. Review of the experimental techniques for the measurement of heat and temperatures generated in some manufacturing processes and tribology. Tribology International , 2001, vol. 34, pp. 653 ‒ 682. DOI: 10.1016/S0301-679X(01)00068-8. 12. Yoshioka H., Hashizume H., Shinno H. In-process microsensor for ultraprecision machining. IEE Proceedings – Science Measurement and Technology , 2004, vol. 151, no. 2. DOI: 10.1049/ip-smt:20040375.