Synthesis of titanium carbide and titanium diboride for metal processing and ceramics production

OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 23 No. 4 2021 164 MATERIAL SCIENCE Synthesis of titanium carbide and titanium diboride for metal processing and ceramics production Yuri Krutskii 1, a, * , Evgeny Maksimovskii 2, b , Roman Petrov 3, c , Olga Netskina 3, 4, d , Arina Ukhina 5, c , Tatiana Krutskaya 6, f , Tatiana Gudyma 7, g 1 Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 Prospekt K. Marksa, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation 2 Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 Academician Lavrentiev avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 3 Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5, Academician Lavrentiev avenue, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 4 Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova str., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 5 Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry SB RAS, 18 Kutateladze st., Novosibirsk, 630128, Russian Federation 6 Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 113 Leningradskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation 7 Novosibirsk Chemical Engineering College named after D.I. Mendeleev, 26 Sadovaya st., Novosibirsk, 630102, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-4143, krutskii@yandex.ru , b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1555-2719, eugene@niic.nsc.ru, c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-7032, petrov@catalysis.ru , d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2323-7372, netskina@catalysis.ru , e https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-0538, auhina181@gmail.com , f https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-4523 , t.krutskaya@mail.ru , g https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-3371, gudymatan@mail.ru Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2021 vol. 23 no. 4 pp. 155–166 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.4-155-166 Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov ARTICLE INFO Article history : Received: 26 August 2021 Revised: 24 September 2021 Accepted: 16 October 2021 Available online: 15 December 2021 Keywords : Titanium carbide Titanium diboride Tungsten-free hard alloys Carbide steel Ceramics Funding The work was carried out in accordance with the state order of the Ministry of Education and Science (code FSUN 2020-0008). Acknowledgements Research were conducted at core facil- ity “Structure, mechanical and physical properties of materials”. ABSTRACT Introduction. Titanium carbide and diboride are characterized by high values of hardness, chemical inertness and for this reason are widely used in modern technology. This paper provides information on the synthesis of titanium carbide and diboride by carbothermal and carbide-boron methods, respectively, on the use of titanium carbide as an abrasive and in the manufacture of tungsten-free hard alloys, carbide steels, wear-resistant coatings, as well as titanium diboride in the produc- tion of cutting tools and ceramics based on boron carbide The aim of this work is to study the processes of synthesis of highly dispersed powders of titanium carbide and diboride, which are promising for the manufacture of cutting tools, wear- resistant coatings, abrasives and ceramics. Research methods. Titanium oxide TiO 2 , nano fi brous carbon (NFC), and highly dispersed boron carbide were used as reagents for the synthesis of titanium carbide and diboride. Experiments to obtain titanium carbide were carried out in a resistance furnace, and titanium diboride in an induction furnace. X-ray studies of the phase composition of titanium carbide and diboride samples were carried out on an ARL X-TRA diffractometer ( Thermo Electron SA ). The determination of the content of titanium and impurities in the samples of titanium carbide and diboride was carried out by the X-ray spectral fl uorescence method on an ARL-Advant’x analyzer. The total carbon content in the titanium carbide samples was determined on an S-144 device from LECO . The content of boron and other elements for tita- nium diboride samples was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP AES ) on an IRIS Advantage spectrometer ( Thermo Jarrell Ash Corporatio n). The surface morphology and particle sizes of the samples were studied using a Carl Zeiss Sigma scanning electron microscope ( Carl Zeiss ). The determination of the particle/aggregate size distribution was performed on a MicroSizer 201 laser analyzer ( BA Instruments ). Results. The paper proposes technological processes for obtaining highly dispersed powders of titanium carbide and diboride. The optimum synthesis temperature for titanium carbide is 2,000…2,100 o C, and for titanium diboride 1,600…1,700 o C. The content of the basic substance is at the level of 97.5…98.0 wt. %. Discussion. Apossible mechanism for the formation of titanium carbide and diboride is proposed, which consists in the transfer of vapors of titanium oxides to the surface of solid carbon (synthesis of titanium carbide) and vapors of boron and titanium oxides to the surface of solid carbon (synthesis of titanium diboride). Due to the high purity and dispersion values, the resulting titanium carbide powder can be used as an abrasive material and for the manufacture of tungsten-free hard alloys, carbide steels, wear-resistant coatings, and titanium diboride powder can be used for the prepara- tion of cutting tools and ceramics based on boron carbide. For citation: Krutskii Yu.L., Maksimovskii E.A., Petrov R.V., Netskina O.V., UkhinaA.V., Krutskaya T.M., Gudyma T.S. Synthesis of titanium carbide and titanium diboride for metal processing and ceramics production. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science , 2021, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 155–166. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2021-23.4-155-166. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Krutskii Yury L. , Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 Prospekt K. Marksa, 630073, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Tel.: +7-953-882-18-92, e-mail: krutskii@yandex.ru