OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 24 No. 3 2022 19 TECHNOLOGY Numerical analysis of the process of electron beam additive deposition with vertical feed of wire material Gleb Permyakov 1, a, *, Roman Davlyatshin 1, b, Vladimir Belenkiy 1, c, Dmitry Trushnikov 1, d, Stepan Varushkin 1, e, Shengyong Pang 2, f 1 Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29 Komsomolsky Prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation 2 Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu street No1037, Hongshan district, Wuhan city, 430074, China a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-3460, gleb.permyakov@yandex.ru, b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7388-7699, romadavly@gmail.com, c https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7869-6632, vladimirbelenkij@yandex.ru, d https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7105-7934, trdimitr@yandex.ru, e https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9346-6445, stepan.varushkin@mail.ru, f https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-4148, spang@mail.hust.edu.cn Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2022 vol. 24 no. 3 pp. 6–21 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.3-6-21 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 19 April 2022 Revised: 28 April 2022 Accepted: 18 June 2022 Available online: 15 September 2022 Keywords: Electron Beam Electron beam surfacing Additive technologies Numerical experiment Funding This work was fi nancially supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Perm Krai (Agreement S-26/508 of 09.03.2021) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (State Task No. FSNM-2021-0011 and No. FSNM2020-0028). Acknowledgements Research were partially conducted at core facility “Structure, mechanical and physical properties of materials”. ABSTRACT Introduction. At present, additive technologies are actively developing all over the world and are becoming more and more widely used in industrial production. The use of electron beams in additive processes of directed energy input, the so-called Directed Energy Deposition (DED) technologies, has several advantages, the main ones being the fl exibility of controlling the spatial and energy characteristics of the thermal source and the presence of a vacuum protective environment. The standard scheme for additive electron beam deposition is melting of a wire fi ller material fed from the side into the electron beam affected area, but this additive electron beam deposition pattern does not provide a uniform thermal impact in the deposited area. The most effective method for electronbeam deposition is vertical wire feeding, which provides the most stable formation of the liquid metal bath and, consequently, the deposited beads. At the same time, so far there are no results of numerical analysis of this process in order to determine its main regularities. The aim of the work is to carry out numerical experiments for qualitative analysis and determination of the regularities of formation of deposited beads and transfer of fi ller material, the dependence of the geometric characteristics of the obtained beads on the infl uence of vapor pressure forces, direction and value of the azimuthal angle of heat sources. The research methods were a series of numerical experiments, which analyzed variants of the electron-beam surfacing process at the location of the surfacing rate vector in the action plane of electron beams and perpendicular to this plane to determine the basic regularities of deposited beads formation and transfer of fi ller material, dependence of geometric characteristics of obtained beads on the infl uence of vapor pressure forces, direction of heat sources and the azimuth angle of heat sources. Results and discussion. It is found that the geometric characteristics of the deposited beads signifi cantly depend on the relative position of the deposition velocity vector with respect to the plane of the electron beams, and consideration of the vapor pressure has a signifi cant infl uence on the results of numerical simulation of the weld pool formation and the hydrodynamic processes occurring in it. In this case, the location of the deposition velocity vector perpendicular to the action plane of the electron beams, there is a more uniform geometry of the deposited metal beads, and increasing the azimuthal angle of the heat sources increases the probability of spitting to the periphery of the deposited bead, which is associated with limitation of the melt motion in the longitudinal direction by the vapor pressure forces. For citation: Permyakov G.L., Davlyatshin R.P., Belenkiy V.Y., Trushnikov D.N., Varushkin S.V., Pang S. Numerical analysis of the process of electron beam additive deposition with vertical feed of wire material. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2022, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 6–21. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2022-24.3-6-21. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Permyakov Gleb L., Ph.D. (Engineering), Researcher, Perm National Research Polytechnic University 29 Komsomolsky Prospekt, 614990, Perm, Russia Tel.: +7 (964) 18504-75, e-mail: gleb.permyakov@yandex.ru
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