OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 24 No. 3 2022 TECHNOLOGY Conclusion The results of numerical analysis of additive electron-beam deposition of wire material, melted by two symmetrically acting electron beams, confi rmed the need to consider the infl uence of vapor pressure forces, due to the signifi cant infl uence on the hydrodynamic processes in the weld pool, transfer modes of the fi ller material and, consequently, on the formation of deposited beads. As a result of numerical experiment, the best formation of deposited beads is provided at a smaller azimuthal tilt angle of each electron beam to the vertical, in this case, there are minor distortions in the shape of the deposited beads from the location of the deposition velocity vector relative to the action plane of the electron beams, which also confi rms the prospects for the developed technology for production parts with complex shapes. The next stage of research will be verifi cation and calibration of the mathematical model using experimental data, in order to ensure the possibility of predicting the deposition results and further optimization of the process. References 1. Taminger K.M., Hafl ey R.A. Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) for cost effective near-net shape manufacturing. NASA technical memorandum. NASA/TM-2006-214284URL. Hampton, VA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2006. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060009152 (accessed 23.06.2022). 2. Stecker S. Electron beam layer manufacturing. Patent US, no. 2016/0288244 A1, 2016. 3. Taminger K.M., Domack C.S., Zalameda J.N., Taminger B.L., Hafl ey R.A., Burke E.R. In-process thermal imaging of the electron beam freeform fabrication process. Proceedings of SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2016, vol. 9861, p. 986102. DOI: 10.1117/12.2222439. 4. Fuchs J., Schneider C., Enzinger N. Wire-based additive manufacturing using an electron beam as heat source. Welding in the World, 2018, vol. 62, pp. 267–275. DOI: 10.1007/s40194-017-0537-7. 5. Gudenko A.V., Sliva A.P., Dragunov V.K., Shcherbakov A.V. Osobennosti formirovaniya izdelii metodom elektronno-luchevoi naplavki [Features of the formation of products by electron-beam surfacing]. Svarochnoe proizvodstvo = Welding International, 2018, no. 8, pp. 12–19. (In Russian). 6. Taminger K.M., Hafl ey R.A., Fahringer D.T., Martin R.E. Effect of surface treatments on electron beam freeform fabricated aluminum structures. 2004 International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, Austin, TX, 2004, pp. 460–470. DOI: 10.26153/tsw/7012. 7. AWS C7.1M/C7.1:2013. Recommended practices for electron beam welding and allied processes. American Welding Society, 2013. 150 p. ISBN 0-87171-721-2. 8. Bird R.K., Atherton T.S. Effect of orientation on tensile properties of Inconel 718 block fabricated with electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3). NASA Technical Memorandum. NASA/TM-2010-216719. Hampton, VA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2010. Available at: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/ citations/20100025706 (accessed 23.06.2022). 9. Wang L., Felicelli S.D., Coleman J., Johnson R., Taminger K.M.B., Lett R.L. Microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam deposits of AISI 316L stainless steel. Proceedings of the ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Vol. 3: Design and Manufacturing, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2011, pp. 15–21. DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2011-62445. 10. Ivanchenko V.G., Ivasishin O.M., Semiatin S.L. Evaluation of evaporation losses during electron-beam melting of Ti-Al-V alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2003, vol. 34 (6), pp. 911–915. DOI: 10.1007/ s11663-003-0097-7. 11. Wang Y., Fu P., Guan Y., Lu Z., Wei Y. Research on modeling of heat source for electron beam welding fusionsolidifi cation zone. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2013, vol. 26 (1), pp. 217–223. DOI: 10.1016/j.cja.2012.12.023. 12. Chowdhury S., Nirsanametla Y., Muralidhar M. Studies on heat transfer analysis of Ti2AlNb electron beam welds using hybrid volumetric heat source. Proceedings of the International Congress 2017 of the International Institute of Welding, 07–09 December 2017, Chennai, India, 2017. 13. Trushnikov D., Perminov A., Belenkiy V., Permyakov G., Kartashov M., Matveev E., Dushina A., Schitsyn Y., Pang S., Karunakaran K.P. Modelling of heat and mass transfer for wire-based additive manufacturing using
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