OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 23 No. 3 2021 MATERIAL SCIENCE EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS 5 2 3 allowances for finishing, which can be up to 30–40 % of the specified depth from the hardened layer [7, 17, 28, 38, 62]. Therefore, it is necessary that the depth of hardening provided by heat treatment should be somewhat larger than indicated in the documentation. In addition, the most effective part of the hardened surface layer is removed by finishing machining. As a result of using this technology, the productivity of both surface thermal and mechanical operations decreases, and energy costs increase. Combining these two processes on the same equipment allows leveling the above disadvantages and achieving better results. The developed technological recommendations implemented on the proposed hybrid equipment will improve the technical and economic efficiency of production; reduce losses [7, 17, 28, 38, 62, 64]. The introduction of the proposed new technology, in turn, will increase the competitiveness of manufactured products. The effectiveness of the use of integrated technologies is also significantly affected by the reduction of time losses for intermediate and auxiliary operations in the general technological process. The emergence of a new method of parts processing associated with the use of high frequencies – highenergy heating with high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) – was facilitated by developments in the field of miniaturization of inductors and equipping it with ferrite magnetic cores. The proposed method is currently one of the most interesting ones for structural steels hardening [38, 42, 65–70]. Its competitiveness with respect to other methods of metal hardening without melting (Fig. 2), such as laser, electron beam, is due to the possibility of implementing the hardening process at specific heating powers of the order of 400 MW/ m2. It should be noted that the combination of two production processes (mechanical and surface-thermal) on a single machine base [7, 28, 38, 42, 62] ensures the constancy of the required gap between the inductor and the workpiece, which is δ = 0.1–0.2 mm, and this is a necessary condition for the HEH HFC processing. The creation of new standard equipment is associated with high financial and labor costs, while the modernization of existing machines is much cheaper. Based on this, we propose the following solution: modernization of a standard metal-cutting machine, which consists in equipping it with an additional concentrated energy source, which can be used as an HFC generator. As a source of energy of high concentration, we will consider microwave generators. This is due to the design features of the standard machine tool system and the current level of development of microprocessor technology in the field of high-frequency industrial installations of the thyristor type [7, 28, 38, 42, 62]. Changes made during the modernization of the standard machine tool system should not have a negative impact on the quality of the equipment. Based on the requirements of a market economy, ensuring the optimal level of product quality is a priority task, the solution of which should be carried out already at the stage of developing the general concept of technological equipment. The quality of the product is determined by a certain set of consumer properties, laid down at the initial stage of the conceptual design, which makes it possible to predict its optimal level. So, for example, the choice of the structure of the parameter-oriented (dimension) range of machine tools and the justification of the technical characteristics of its elements should be carried out in parallel, which in the conditions of the modern development of Fig. 2. The scheme of HEH HFC processing
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