OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 23 No. 3 2021 MATERIAL SCIENCE EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS 5 3 The tensile strength and elastic limit of the shaft in some cases can be considerably increased by a special heat-treating process. Special grades of steel having a greater elastic limit than standard shafts can also be used. However, heat treating or special steels are not necessary in most cases. Whenever used, it must be with the greatest caution as heat treating or special steels frequently bring the strength of the crankshaft above that of the other parts. Research methodology All studies of the crankshaft design were divided into two stages of development of this structural element: 1) 3D-modelling using computer-aided design systems; 2) analysis by the finite element method in the Ansys-22R1 software. The existing as well as the improved design of the crankshaft was investigated by the Finite Element Method (FEM) with topology analysis. Topology is part of the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) as well as Generative Design, i.e. technology in which 3D models are created and optimized using cloud computing and artificial intelligence [2–14]. Any physical phenomenon such as the behaviour of structures or fluids, heat transfer, wave propagation, the formation of biological cells, etc. should be fully understood and quantified through mathematics. Partial differential equations (PDEs) are often used to describe most of these processes. However, over the past few decades, numerical methods have been developed to allow a computer to solve these PDEs. One of the best known numerical approaches is FEA. FEM is a numerical method used in FEA that simulates any given physical state. Engineers use FEA software to accelerate the development of better products while reducing costs by minimizing the need for physical models and field experiments, and optimizing components during the design process. Results and Discussion Finite element analysis of existing crankshaft using Ansys22R1 According to the precise 2D drawing, an objective 3D parametric geometry of the crankshaft of a mechanical power press was created using a CAD (computer-aided design) system, such as the Pro/Engineer software package. This solid geometry has been imported in .STEP format for use in structural modelling of an existing project. Currently Singhal Power Presses Pvt. Ltd. collects data on the design of the crankshaft of a mechanical press in this format. To create the model shown in fig. 3, Creo-5.2 was used, which allows creating files according to the .STEP standard [15–18]. The highlighted region in fig. 4 shows the results of the overall deformation after applying a force of 320 tons to the centre of the crankshaft. The maximum deformation occurs in the middle of the crankshaft, where a load of 320 tons acts and the deformation value is 0.050 mm, while the deflection in the bearing area is practically 0 mm. Fig. 5 shows the equivalent stress in the corners near the crankshaft web under a load of 320 tons with a maximum value of 162.05 MPa and a minimum value of 9.64 MPa in the bearing area. Fig. 3. Existing design of crankshaft
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