OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 25 No. 4 2023 33 TECHNOLOGY References 1. Banhart J. Light-metal foams – History of innovation and technological challenges. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2013, vol. 15 (3), pp. 82–111. DOI: 10.1002/adem.201200217. 2. Sinha N., Srivastava V.C., Sahoo K.L. Processing and application of aluminium foams. Special Metal Casting and Forming Processes (CAFP-2008), Jamshedpur, 2008, pp. 54–63. 3. Banhart J., Baumeister J. Production methods for metallic foams. Materials Research Society Symposium – Proceedings, 1998, vol. 521, pp. 121–132. DOI: 10.1557/proc-521-121. 4. Kulshreshtha A., Dhakad S.K. Preparation of metal foam by diff erent methods: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2020, vol. 26, pt. 2, pp. 1784–1790. DOI: 0.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.375. A systematic review of processing techniques for cellular metallic foam production Shyam Sharma 1, a, Anurag Joshi 1, b, *, Yogendra Rajpoot 2, c 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajkiya Engineering College Mainpuri, Uttar Pradesh, 205119, India a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-5871, shyamsunder.sharma@jaipur.manipal.edu; b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8231-9423, anuragjoshi355@gmail.com; с https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9662-0903, yogendrasingh.rajpoot@recmainpuri.in Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2023 vol. 25 no. 4 pp. 22–35 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.4-22-35 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 06 August 2023 Revised: 11 August 2023 Accepted: 23 August 2023 Available online: 15 December 2023 Keywords: Melt route method Powder metallurgy Deposition technique Foaming agent ABSTRACT Introduction. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the manufacturing methods, materials, properties, and challenges associated with cellular metallic foams, primarily focusing on aluminum and titaniumbased foams. Cellular metallic foams are gaining interest due to its unique combination of low density, high stiff ness, and enhanced energy absorption capabilities. Cellular metallic foam is renowned for its special combinations of physical and mechanical characteristics, containing their increased stiff ness, specifi c strength at high temperatures, light weight, and good energy absorption at relatively low plateau stress. It has extensive uses in the automotive, shipbuilding and space industries. It has high porosity, low relative density and high strength, which increases performance of the product. The aerospace and automotive industries require a material with a high strength-toweight ratio. Methods. To meet this need, many metal foam production methods have been developed, such as melt route method, deposition method and powder metallurgy method. Melt route method is widely used to manufacture metallic foam as compared to other methods. Results and Discussion. In the production of aluminum foams, the melt route method is usually used. Titanium hydride (TiH2) has been a popular foaming agent, but its high decomposition rate and cost limitations have led to the development of alternative foaming agents, such as CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). Titanium foam is often manufactured using the space holder method. This method involves mixing titanium powder with a space holder material, forming a preform, and then sintering to remove the space holder and produce a porous structure as the space holder method allows for precise control over the properties of the foam, including pore size, porosity, and relative density. Results also indicate that porosity in cellular metallic foams can range from 50 % to 95 %, as reported in various journals. Pore structures can include mixed types, open cells, and closed cells, each off ering diff erent mechanical and thermal properties. It is also observed from various literature sources that relative density, which is the ratio of the foam’s density to the bulk material’s density, varies from 0.02 to 0.44 based on the production method used. For citation: Sharma S.S., Joshi A., Rajpoot Y.S. A systematic review of processing techniques for cellular metallic foam production. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2023, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 22–35. DOI:10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.4-22-35. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Joshi Anurag, Ph.D. (Engineering), Assistant Professor Manipal University Jaipur, 303007, Rajasthan, India Tel.: +91-9772844555, e-mail: anuragjoshi355@gmail.com
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