OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 25 No. 4 2023 technology Specimen X-ray pattern Defect according to GOST 7512-82 1 B20×2; 2B10×2; Σ30 2 A1.5; D10×0.3 3 None discovered 4 D17×0.5 5 B5×2; B10×2; Σ15 6 None discovered 7 None discovered 8 None discovered Notice: the arrow on the X-ray pattern indicates the direction of welding Fig. 3. X-ray patterns of welded specimens The calculated regression equations were used to plot the weld size vs welding parameters curves (fig. 5). An increase in the arc voltage does not have such a significant increase in the weld cap width on the front side, as an increase in the current. And vice versa, a higher voltage increases the root bead width, and a higher welding current has no effect on this variable (fig. 5,a). As it can be seen in fig. 5,b, the selected welding parameters range of 400–600 A and 25–40 V has practically no effect on the weld cap height, but a substantial effect on the increase in the root bead height. A set of four regression equations was solved to find the best welding parameters to achieve the normal weld size, that is, 550 A, 30 V. Conclusion 1. The newly invented and tested flux will produce welds with minimal residual strain and free from hidden subsurface defects. 2. When welding 5 mm thick pieces using the tested flux with a ceramic backing, arc energy (600 A/37 V, (2,000–2,466 kJ/mm)) appears to be excessive and causes a vigorous interaction between the weld pool and the backing material and results in both longitudinal and lateral strain with a deflection of 5 mm.
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