OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 25 No. 4 2023 When printing the specimens, the following modes were used: ● circular beam scan: 3.0–5.0 mm; ● wire feed angle: 45.0°; ● beam current: 30 mA; ● wire feed speed: 700 mm/min. When printing, the same material was used as the substrate material as for the wire – stainless steel 0.4 % C-13 % Cr. Printing was carried out in a vacuum at pressure 5×10−3 Pa. The study of the microstructure of the obtained specimens The microstructure of the specimens was detected using an etchant. Its composition was a mixture of concentrated nitric HNO3 (67 wt. %) and hydrochloric HCl (33 wt. %) acids. The ratio of acids was 1:3 by volume. The microstructure was studied using a MMP-1 microscope (BIOMED). Study of cutting forces during milling An CNC machine CONCEPTMill 155 (EMCO) was used to mill the specimens. Cutting forces were determined using a Kistler 9257B dynamometer (Switzerland). The directions of the measured forces Fx, Fy and Fz displayed on the monitor of the Kistler dynamometer, correspond to the forces Ph, Pv and Px during Fig. 1. General view of the working chamber of the electron-beam wire surfacing installation a b Fig. 2. Scheme for printing a specimen: pattern for printing one horizontal layer (a); print pattern in the vertical direction (b)
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