OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 25 No. 4 2023 technology shown in the top view). The component force Ph continuously increases as the cutter tooth rotates, since the cut thickness ai = sz∙sinψi increases (fig. 7, the range is between numbers 2 and 3). As the cutter tooth rotates through an angle ψ, the cut thickness a increases, the direction of the components Pz and Py of the cutting force also changes (fig. 9, but the position of the cutter after the workpiece is shown in the top view). As the cut thickness a increases, the force Pz increases more intensively than the force Py does, since this component is “responsible” for cutting the chips. When the cut thickness increases, the force Py practically should not change including a sharp cutting wedge due to the low friction coefficient on the front surface of the cutter tooth. Changing the action direction of the forces Pz and Py when turning the cutter through an angle ψ leads to the fact that the component Pv increases. And the component Ph begins to decrease, on the contrary, due to the rotation of the greatest force Pz towards the OY axis, i.e. it increases the force Pv further instead of Ph (fig. 7, the range is between numbers 3 and 4). A further rotation of the cutter leads to a decrease in the cut thickness ai during the period when the tooth leaves contact with the workpiece, which causes a decrease in the components Pz and Py, and therefore the components Ph and Pv (fig. 7, the range is between numbers 4 and 5). The decrease in these components Fig. 8. Component forces acting on the workpiece during up milling with a sharp cutter (the position of the cutter after the workpiece is shown in the top view) Fig. 9. Force components (Py, Pz) obtained after decomposing the milling force (Ph, Pv) into a direction towards the cutter axis and a tangential direction, i.e. tangent to the direction of rotation of the cutter (the position of the cutter after the workpiece is shown in top view)
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