OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Том 23 № 3 2021 EQUIPMEN . INSTRUM TS Vol. 5 No. 4 2023 Fig. 3. Relative displacements of the cutting tool and the workpiece in CT and UVAT Fig. 2. Four stages of UVAT Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of UVAHT systems Employing high frequency vibrations, several cycles may be completed in less than a millisecond. During conventional turning (CT), the tip of the cutting tool is constantly in contact with the surface of the workpiece. When ultrasonic vibrations are applied to the tip of the cutting tool, the interaction between the tool tip and the workpiece changes completely and becomes discontinuous (i.e., intermittent) [17].
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