OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 4 2023 Conclusions 1. Elastic modulus and hardness are obtained for the Ti alloy fabricated by wire-feed EBAM with use of the VT6sv wire. These parameters were measured by using three techniques: ultrasonic gauging, macro-, and micro-indentations. The obtained values are compared to those obtained for different rolled Ti alloys and those described in other works. 2. The elastic modulus of Ti alloys with different structure and phase composition are in range of 90– 100 GPa (macro-indentation) and 103–131 GPa (macro-indentation). These values correspond to the values for the initial and EBAM-fabricated alloys. 3. The elastic modulus for the alloy fabricated by wire-feed EBAM, are slightly higher than the known values presented in the literature, namely 131 and 125 GPa, respectively. On the contrary, the hardness is lower and matches the hardness of respective cast alloys. 4. Micro-indentation of the elastic modulus shows lower values than that when using macro-indentation; it is close to the elastic modulus obtained by ultrasonic gauging and in other works. 5. The difference between values of the elastic modulus at various points of the forging indicates its sensitivity to the structure and phase composition and demonstrated capabilities of described measurement techniques. a b Fig. 11. Elastic modulus (a) and hardness (b) for Ti alloys. Abbreviations: SLM – selective laser melting; EB-DED – electron beam directed energy deposition; EB-PBF – electron beam powder bed fusion; L-DED – laser directed energy deposition. Values obtained in this work are marked with an asterisk* References 1. Niinomi M. Mechanical properties of biomedical titanium alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 1998, vol. 243 (1–2), pp. 231–236. DOI: 10.1016/s0921-5093(97)00806-x. 2. Milewski J.O. Additive manufacturing of metals: from fundamental technology to rocket nozzles, medical implants, and custom jewelry. Cham, Springer, 2017. 343 p. ISBN 3319863487. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58205-4. 3. DebRoy T., Mukherjee T., Wei H.L., Elmer J.W., Milewski J.O. Metallurgy, mechanistic models and machine learning in metal printing. Nature Reviews Materials, 2021, vol. 6 (1), pp. 48–68. DOI: 10.1038/s41578-02000236-1. 4. Murr L.E., Gaytan S.M., Ramirez D.A., Martinez E., Hernandez J., Amato K.N., Shindo P.W., Medina F.R., Wicker R.B. Metal fabrication by additive manufacturing using laser and electron beammelting technologies. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2012, vol. 28 (1), pp. 1–14. DOI: 10.1016/S1005-0302(12)60016-4.
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