OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 26 No. 2 2024 expenses in the production system, the imperative to conserve material resources is becoming increasingly urgent. A typical example of this practice is the replacement of hard alloys with tool steels. Most often, the principle is applied to blank production, which includes the use of products with high accuracy and surface quality, such as matrices, punches, etc. In addition, the replacement of hard alloys with tool steels causes certain issues, both during the operation of products and during its manufacture. In particular, the direct transfer of processing modes of carbide dies to tool steels does not provide the required performance, accuracy, and quality parameters. In the processing of carbide dies, electrochemical and mechanical actionbased methods are typically employed [12–15]. The studies [16–23] describe the application features of dimensional electrochemical machining (DECM) for R6M5, HVG, and other steels. The works [12, 14, 16–19, 23] indicate that the accuracy of the DECM is determined by the manufacturing errors of the cathode tool, the installation of the workpiece, the temperature of the working medium, the flow rate of the electrolyte, the irregularities in the electrode movement, etc. However, there is no data for shaping U10A tool steel. Additional research is required to determine efficient processing modes that ensure the required performance, accuracy, and quality parameters for products made of tool steels that are shaped by electrochemical means. Thus, the purpose of this work is to conduct research to establish the patterns of electrochemical shaping of tool steels (polarization studies) and to determine the modes of the electrochemical machining process (technological experiment). The work is relevant and has practical significance for blank production. Research methodology Specimen preparation The U10A tool steel, which is widespread in blank production, was chosen as the material for research. Specimens for conducting polarization studies were made by means of electric erosion machining of parallelepipeds with dimensions of 1×1×20 mm. The working surface of the specimen for polarization studies is shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. Appearance of the specimen working surface for polarization studies To localize the dissolution process and evaluate the current parameters, the side surfaces of the specimens were isolated according to the scheme shown in Fig. 2. The specimen (1) was connected to the contact wire (2) by soldering and placed in a dielectric fixture (3), followed by pouring epoxy resin with a hardener (4). The specimen for conducting technological experiments was a parallelepiped of a model material with the dimensions of 50×50×50 mm. Polarization studies The anodic dissolution of U10A steel was studied using the potentiodynamic method, with the current density as the dependent variable and the anode potential as the independent variable. The range of anode potentials was from 0 to 8 V.
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