OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Том 23 № 3 2021 EQUIPMEN . INSTRUM TS Vol. 6 No. 2 2024 form a surface with the required quality parameters. It is one of the most available and productive methods for machining high-strength and difficult-to-machine materials [1–6]. The fundamental range of abrasive tools used in manufacturing processes encompasses grinding and cutting wheels, in addition to heads and bars and other types of cutting equipment. Furthermore, there are also less common types of tool designs [7]. In mechanical engineering, grinding wheels are one of the most popular tools for machining parts due to its high efficiency. The use of this type of tools enables the removal of a significant layer of material. Additionally, grinding wheels have a longer service life and are widely used in modern hybrid technologies [8–17]. These technologies provide mechanical (abrasive), electrical, chemical, and thermal treatment in various combinations [18–31] to achieve unique results in processing. The variety of shapes and types of abrasive materials allows grinding wheels to be adapted to a wide range of production applications, ensuring its use in multiple manufacturing areas. The choice of modular grinding wheels as an object of research is due to a series of strategic advantages that make its use a profitable and effective solution in various industrial sectors: 1. Abrasive material saving. In modular grinding wheels, the main part is the body, which can be made of steel or aluminum alloys. This means that the abrasive material is used only in the part that is immediately involved in the grinding process. The use of more expensive and high-quality abrasive materials where really needed without increasing the total cost of the wheel helps to reduce costs. 2. The possibility of the wheel body reuse. Since the body of the modular grinding wheel does not wear out during use (it is not in immediate contact with the surface), it can be reused. When the abrasive part wears out, the body can be fitted with a new one, reducing the need to replace the entire wheel and helping to save resources and costs. 3. The flexibility of replacing the abrasive part. Another significant advantage of modular wheels is that only the abrasive part of the wheel can be replaced. The designer can select a material with a different abrasive type or grit size depending on the current application while retaining the wheel body. This flexibility of modular wheels allows creating highly efficient tools for a variety of machining operations while minimizing the need to own a large number of specialized devices [32–35]. For this reason, modular grinding wheels are the preferred choice for many production applications. Its economic and technological efficiency make it the ideal solution for ever-increasing demands for machining quality, reduced production costs, and longer tool life. One of the promising methods for improving the performance of modular grinding wheels is to develop designs that reduce heat generation in the machining area during grinding. Wheel designs with an interrupted working part are capable of reducing the temperature in the machining area to an acceptable level, below which structural and phase changes in the machined material do not occur [36–41]. The choice of abrasive wheel plays an important role in the machining process [42–44]. After all, many parameters depend on the correct wheel choice, such as productivity, the quality of the machined surface, the cost of the tool, and, consequently, the finished part and the life of the abrasive wheel. However, the range of grinding wheels has expanded to such an extent that it has become challenging to select the optimal tool for a given task. Solving this problem requires careful analysis and verification of a large amount of collected information. Sometimes, the only possible solution is the development of a new and unique tool design that will contribute to the realization of the given task. Numerical simulation plays a major role in the analysis and design of new tools, integrating a multitude of techniques [45], each of which has its own distinctive advantages and applications. In our study, we selected graph modeling [46] as the optimal methodology because this simulation not only enables us to effectively analyze and visualize the relationships and dependencies between the various components of the designed abrasive tool but also simplifies the process of identifying the key elements and its functional purpose. The purpose of the study is to simulate a modular abrasive tool in order to analyze and synthesize structures and increase the efficiency of tool support for the manufacture of products made of high-strength and difficult-to-process materials using traditional or hybrid processing technologies.
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