OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 26 No. 3 2024 Load(kN) Red Mud(%) 20 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 > – – – – – – < 35.0 35.0 37.5 37.5 40.0 40.0 42.5 42.5 45.0 45.0 47.5 47.5 50.0 50.0 HB Contour Plot of HB vs Red Mud(%), Load(kN) Red Mud(%) CSA (%) 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 > – – – – – – < 35.0 35.0 37.5 37.5 40.0 40.0 42.5 42.5 45.0 45.0 47.5 47.5 50.0 50.0 HB Contour Plot of HB vs CSA (%), Red Mud(%) CSA (%) Load(kN) 1 2 1 1 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 20 1 8 1 6 1 4 1 2 1 0 > – – – – – – < 35.0 35.0 37.5 37.5 40.0 40.0 42.5 42.5 45.0 45.0 47.5 47.5 50.0 50.0 HB Contour Plot of HB vs Load(kN), CSA (%) a b с Fig 4. Variation of contour plot of Hardness value on (a) red mud vs load (b) load vs coconut shell ash (c Coconut shell ash vs red mud Contour plot effect on Hardness Figure 4 shows contour plot variation of different input factor over Hardness output. The X and Y axes display the combination of weight percentages of red mud, coconut shell ash and indentation load. The results show that all combined maximum variations of hardness fall in the range of 37.5–40 HB , while the range of 47.5–50 HB have very low area range. The weight percentage of red mud has more influential effect than the weight percentage of coconut shell ash and the load variation. The hardness value increases with an increase in the weight percentage of red mud and a load variation; a slight increase in hardness occurs with increasing weight percentage of coconut shell ash because the volatile nature of the red mud in the aluminum matrix and the low specific gravity of the coconut shell ash improve the surface contact area along the matrix. Thus, more of the intermediate contact area is available to incorporate the reinforcing component, and due to the sintering effect, the red mud and coconut shell ash are placed in the intermediate area, which acts as a barrier to the deformation movement under indentation load, thereby increasing the hardness [24]. Conclusion A hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite has been successfully developed by reinforcing red mud and coconut shell ash through stir casting process while maintaining 800 °C furnace temperature. Nine composite specimens were prepared, and the Brinell hardness of the optimized specimens was calculated
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