OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 26 No. 3 2024 first (lower) crystal node along the beam propagation axis. And focusing is provided by rods fixed on the crystals. The enlarged image of one of the crystals with a tie rod and deformation mechanism attached to it is shown in Fig. 23. One of the technical solutions to the problem associated with crystal bending is described in [47] (Fig. 24). The scheme depicted in the figure provides for deformation of the crystal by four levers. Fig. 23. Node with the first crystal of the monochromator (according to [46]) Fig. 24. Schematic of the device for bending the monochromator crystal (according to [47]) The crystal shown in Fig. 24 is characterized by sagittal bending in the initial state. Amechanical device makes it possible to bend it also in the meridional direction (Fig. 25 a). Thus, the monochromator crystal can be simultaneously bent in two directions. Fig. 25 shows one of the variants of the combination of elements providing focusing of synchrotron radiation. The focusing device includes two multilayer X-ray mirrors [48, 49]. One of it is flat and the other is curved. By applying a mechanical load, it is possible to change the radius of curvature of the second mirror. The design features of the developed monochromators are determined, first of all, by the type of tasks to be solved. In many cases, devices unique in terms of technical parameters are designed. Thermal load of synchrotron radiation on optical elements When selecting materials for synchrotron radiation monochromatization, three aspects are analyzed: diffraction, thermal, and mechanical. The most important requirement for materials used for manufacturing
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