OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 26 No. 3 2024 light or sulphur-yellow to creamy white, borne in axils and singly but densely at the tips of the branches. The flowering and fruiting periods are usually from October to February. The plant produces depressed, globular, fractional, disintegrating fruits of 6–8 mm in diameter. Each carpel has two long, erect awns. The seeds are smooth, flattened, kidney-shaped, and range in color from brown to black [12]. Fig. 1. Sida Cordifolia Plant Ta b l e 1 Constants of Sida cordifolia physical properties [13] S.NO Constant Root (%) Stem (%) Leaf (%) 1 Total ash 6.7 9.7 15.6 2 Acid insoluble ash 2.7 2.4 7.6 3 Alcohol Soluble extractive 2.8 2.9 4.5 4 Water soluble Extractive 4.4 6.5 12 Sida cordifolia, known by various names such as Audanika, Baladhya, and Balini is native to tropical and subtropical regions of India, at altitudes up to 1,800 m, such as in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashmir, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bengal and the Coromandel Coast. The recent surge in demand for polymer composites in industries such as marine, aerospace, automotive, construction and sports has highlighted the potential of natural fibers such as Sida cordifolia as an alternative to synthetic fibers. Despite the durability, light weight and high specific strength of synthetic fibers, its disadvantages include high cost, lack of biodegradability and significant energy absorption during processing, which can lead to environmental pollution and wear and tear of processing equipment. The study of natural fibers is an effort to improve the environmental performance of materials and products, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional synthetic materials [13]. The physical properties of Sida cordifolia are listed in Table 1 The present work brings together important results of research on natural fibers and its composites, emphasizing its chemical modifications, mechanical properties and applications. The paper discusses several chemical modifications of natural fibers in composites, such as alkali, silane, acetic acid and other treatments. Such treatments improve the adhesion of the fiber surface to the polymer matrices, improving the mechanical properties of the composite and reducing moisture absorption [14]. The study investigates the viscoelastic properties of sisal fiber-reinforced polyester composites manufactured by polymer transfer molding. The changes in fiber adhesion to the matrix, which are affected by different treatments, were analyzed using SEM and FTIR spectroscopy to evaluate the changes in the fiber surface morphology [15]. The results of a study on uniaxial natural fabric of G. tilifolia are presented, in which approximately parallel
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