OBRABOTKAMETALLOV TECHNOLOGY Vol. 26 No. 4 2024 temperature, wear volume etc. The pin-on-disk tribometer schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 2, a, and the device used for the experiments is shown in Fig. 2, b. The machine operates at load range from 100 N to 800 N and rpm range from 20 rpm to 2,000 rpm. The measurement accuracy of the LVDT is 1 ± 1 % when measuring wear in μm and the smallest value is 1 μm. The test was carried out in accordance with ASTM G 99. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the popular 3D printing techniques that uses thermoplastic polymers to create complex 3D structures. It allows for the clean and cost-eff ective creation of small functional parts. A wide variety of materials such as PLA, nylon, ABS, PTFE etc., with diff erent process parameters can be used to print complex objects. During the printing process, thermoplastic fi laments are melted and extruded through a heated nozzle, after which they are applied in a semi-solid state to a solid substrate. The schematic process diagram is shown in Fig. 3, a. The pins were printed using a Flashforge Dreamer NX 3D printer and a PLA material. Fig. 3, b shows a photograph of the 3D printer used to print the pins. All pins were produced at a fi ll density of 100 %, an extrusion temperature of 220 °C, a raster angle a b Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the pin-on-disk tribometer (a); Experimental setup of the pin-on-disk tribometer (b) a b Fig. 3. FDM printing scheme (a) and FDM 3D printer (Flashforge-Dreamer NX) (b)
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