OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 23 No. 3 2021 MATERIAL SCIENCE EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS 6 4 4 parameters: the method of workpiece mounting, the set of carriages, types of cutting tools, types and directions of carriage feeds, the orientation of tools relative to the workpiece, and the method of tool activation (either parallel or sequential). This classifi cation takes into account the technological capabilities for organizing multi-tool machining for modern CNC lathes. The main classes of the developed systematization of multi-tool setups are single-carriage single-coordinate setups, singlecarriage dual-coordinate setups, dual-carriage single-coordinate setups, dual-carriage dual-coordinate setups, and multi-carriage setups. The developed classifi cation of multi-tool setups on multi-carriage and multi-spindle CNC lathes allows for the creation of a matrix model of accuracy for each class, which will undoubtedly be structurally simpler, as well as a unifi ed generalized model. Therefore, the classifi cation discussed in this work is aimed at identifying the characteristics of force loading and deformation of the technological system during multitool machining. The developed systematization of multi-tool setups on turning machines is oriented toward the development of machining accuracy models and can serve as a basis for creating recommendations for cutting conditions for these CNC machines. Using this approach, it is possible to systematically solve the problem of increasing effi ciency in designing and developing recommendations on cutting modes for CNC machines. Since multi-tool machining involves numerous factors, its design inevitably requires the use of computer technologies. Therefore, the proposed classifi cation of multi-tool setups can serve as a basis for developing the methodological support for CAD systems for new generation turning operations. Based on the proposed classifi cation, it is anticipated that a set of matrix models for machining accuracy will be developed in the future for single-carriage and dual-carriage multi-tool setups. The main classes of the proposed systematization of multi-tool setups Single-carriage single-coordinate setups. Single-carriage single-coordinate multi-tool setups based on a single carriage are used on various types of lathes with cam control. These include automatic turret lathes, horizontal automatic and semi-automatic multi-spindle lathes, vertical semi-automatic multi-spindle lathes, as well as automatic lathes for longitudinal profi ling and shape-cutting automatic lathes. Such setups are also used on CNC machines. It can be implemented on carriages of any type (longitudinal, turret, or transverse). On turret lathes, both the upper and back carriages are considered transverse carriages. The main feature of this class of multi-tool setups is that all tools are located on a single carriage, and there is only one control parameter: a specifi c coordinate feed. Table 6 presents examples of typical setups from this class. The standard setups are labeled according to the proposed system (1). For convenience of work, illustrated setups’ guides have been developed as an appendix to each classifi er (Table 7). Single-carriage dual-coordinate setups. This type of setup is used on CNC lathes for machining conical and contoured surfaces. In these setups, the contour feed is formed by summing the coordinate feeds, such as longitudinal (along the X axis) and transverse (along the Y axis). When machining conical surfaces, the feed remains constant throughout the entire machining cycle, meaning that control is performed parametrically. When machining profi led surfaces, the coordinate feeds are setup in accordance with the changes in the contour being machined, meaning the control is functional. These diff erences are signifi cant when developing control algorithms. It is essential for the accuracy model that it has two control factors. Table 8 shows examples of applied setups of this class. Dual-carriage single-coordinate setups. Multi-tool setups of this type are used on dual-carriage and multi-carriage lathes. These concerns traditional automatic and semi-automatic turning lathes with cam control, such as turret lathes, horizontal automatic and semi-automatic multi-spindle lathes, vertical semiautomatic multi-spindle lathes, as well as automatic lathes for longitudinal profi ling and shape-cutting automatic lathes. These setups are often made on double-carriage CNC lathes.
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