OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 The primary function of oil-based MWFs is lubrication, which ensures the required quality of the processed surface. However, their cooling capacity is limited. In most production facilities, water-soluble MWFs (emulsions) are used; these effectively reduce the temperature in the cutting zone through convective heat exchange due to high-volume supplying, but their lubricating properties are less effective. Numerous scientific studies have analyzed methods for activating and improving MWFs used in the blade machining of workpieces. The authors of these studies have made significant contributions to understanding the mechanism of action of MWFs in the cutting process [1–4]. In this case, MWFs activation involves adding functional additives of various natures and chemical structures, including active organic components containing phosphorus, chlorine, and sulfur. These elements form protective films on contact surfaces, preventing molecular bonding between the tool and the workpiece. Graphite, soft metal powders (molybdenum disulfite) and highly dispersed powders (e.g., serpentine), classified as nanostructured additives, are also viable. They reduce friction in the cutting zone due to antifriction properties by increasing the number of supporting contact areas between the tool and the workpiece. Additionally, some chemical compounds and additives used in MWFs exhibit carcinogenic properties, posing a negative impact on human health and the environment. The analysis of the scientific and technical literature has shown that existing methods for activating oil-based MWFs can be significantly improved. Furthermore, the development of new, cost-effective oilbased MWFs possessing an endothermic (cooling) effect and improved tribological (lubricating) properties remains an important goal. Achieving this goal is possible by adding nanoclay mineral additives to the composition of oil-based MWFs. Based on their physical and mechanical properties, these minerals are similar to additives such as molybdenum disulfite, graphite, and serpentine. A key difference of these nanoclay mineral additives is their ability to undergo hydrocracking of their structural packet layers during hydrogenation. This results in hydro-lubrication between the layers, which contributes to increased tribological efficiency of the oil-based MWF [5]. Thus, the application of modified oil-based MWFs, using nanoclay mineral additives as a friction modifier, can positively affect the cutting process of hard-to-machine materials and stainless steels, with their inherent low thermal conductivity [6, 7]. Optimal cutting modes [8], the quality of the MWFs used, and the method of its supply [9, 10] influence the plastic deformation process, leading to a decrease in temperature and cutting force, as well as improving the quality of the machined surface and tool durability [11–15]. Consequently, there is a need for theoretical studies, laboratory tests, and practical experiments aimed at developing a modified MWFs that uses nanoclay mineral additives (NMAs) as a friction modifier, combining both high lubricity and a cooling effect, which is necessary for processing hard-to-machine materials and stainless steels. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of oil-based MWFs with nanoclay mineral additives on reducing cutting force and improving the quality of the machined surface during the drilling of stainless steel. Tasks to be solved to achieve this aim: 1) to justify the selection of additives to oil-based MWFs to improve their tribological efficiency; 2) to theoretically and experimentally confirm the effectiveness of using nanoclay mineral additives as a friction modifier in oil-based MWFs and their influence on increasing tribological properties; 3) based on current principles of cutting theory, to analyze the effect of nanoclay mineral additives, present in the oil-based MWFs as a friction modifier, on the components of cutting force and the roughness of the machined surface. Research methodology During blade machining of hard-to-machine materials, as well as stainless steels, the various MWFs’ compositions require the technological medium supplied to the cutting zone to provide both lubrication
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