OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 stand (Fig. 6) equipped with a three-component dynamometer M-30-3-6k with data output to a personal computer was used. This allowed for objective evaluation of the effect of different MWFs on cutting forces during the drilling operation. Fig. 6. Experimental stand for studying cutting forces during drilling As a result of experimental studies of the machining of stainless steel 0.12 C-18 Cr-10Ni-Ti, the cutting force values were obtained as a function of machining time and cutting speed (Fig. 7, a, b). The analysis of the obtained data shows that drilling without MWF results in a high cutting force. Using mineral and sunflower oil-based MWFs as cutting agents reduces the cutting force by 10–20 %. Adding NMA to these oils results in a further reduction in cutting forces (by 9–10 %) compared to the oils without the additive. The smallest cutting force was achieved when using sunflower oil with NMA. NMA, acting as a modifier, improves the tribological properties of oil-based MWFs, contributing to a reduction in temperature within the cutting zone and increasing the lifespan (durability) of the cutting tool [22]. The data presented in the graph (Fig. 7, b) demonstrate that at cutting speeds up to 20 m/min, the type of MWF significantly affects the cutting force PZ. However, as the cutting speed increases, the effectiveness of the MWF decreases. This is attributed to the increased proportion of friction forces generated on the back surface of the tool. Definition of roughness. The influence of NMA on the machined surface surface roughness, which is a critical quality parameter, is also of interest. The roughness of the machined surface is affected by various factors, including cutting modes, the type of MWF and its supply method to the cutting zone, and cutting temperature , etc. [23, 24]. The use of modified oil-based MWFs in drilling workpieces of stainless steel 0.12 C-18 Cr-10Ni-Ti, with NMA as a modifier, enables a reduction in both the cutting temperature and the roughness of the machined surface. Fig. 8 shows the arithmetic mean surface roughness Ra, measured with a profilometer TR-200. Ra reflects the surface roughness of the machined surface.
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