OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 technology Investigation of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids enhanced with nanoparticle additions in turning operations Javvadi Eswara Manikanta 1, a, Nitin Ambhore 2, b, *, Gopala Rao Thellaputta 3, c 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women (A), Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, 534202, India 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, SPPU, Maharashtra, Pune 411037, India 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Ann’s College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomous), Chirala, Andhra Pradesh, 523187, India a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-4899, manijem66@gmail.com; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-8057, nitin.ambhore@viit.ac.in; c https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-4140, drtgopalarao@gmail.com Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2025 vol. 27 no. 1 pp. 20–33 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.1-20-33 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 11 November 2024 Revised: 25 November 2024 Accepted: 17 December 2024 Available online: 15 March 2025 Keywords: Vegetable oils Nanofluids High-Speed machining Environmental sustainability ABSTRACT Introduction. Currently, the use of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids with nanoparticles is being implemented in turning operations. These fluids provide a sustainable and high-performance solution by improving lubrication, cooling, and surface quality. The use of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids with nanoparticles also promotes an ecofriendly approach in the manufacturing industry. These fluids serve as an alternative to conventional cutting fluids, which are hazardous chemical mixtures that pose a risk to both the environment and the operator. The purpose of the work. The present study focuses on the use of cutting fluids based on environmentally friendly vegetable oils in the turning process. This work investigates the performance of turning AISI 1014 steel with various nanoparticle combinations and ratios. The methods of investigation. In this study, five different vegetable oils — corn oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, palm oil, and neem oil — were used as base fluid. CuO, Al2O3, graphene, and powdered multi-walled carbon nanotubes were added to the base fluid to create nanofluids. Cutting fluids were developed with varying weight concentrations of 0.20 %, 0.40 %, 0.60 %, 0.80 %, and 1 %, and its performance when machining AISI 1014 steel was investigated. Results and Discussion. The results indicated that, among the vegetable oils, corn oil had the greatest effect on viscosity and thermal conductivity. Graphene nanoparticles showed promising results in reducing cutting force, temperature, and surface roughness. When using corn oil containing 0.8 wt. % graphene nanoparticles, a 104 N reduction in cutting force was observed, this is 29.8 % less than that achieved with pure corn oil. At a high concentration (1 wt. %), the reduction in load decreases due to significant agglomeration of nanoparticles. The optimal nanoparticle concentration in the base fluid (corn oil) is 0.8 wt. %. For citation: Manikanta J.E., Ambhore N., Thellaputta G.R. Investigation of vegetable oil-based cutting fluids enhanced with nanoparticle additions in turning operations. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2025, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 20–33. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.1-20-33. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Ambhore Nitin, Ph.D. (Engineering), Assistant Professor Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune - 411037, Maharashtra, India Tel.: +91-2026950441, e-mail: nitin.ambhore@viit.ac.in Introduction Cutting fluids play a crucial role in metal cutting operations by lubricating the tool-workpiece interface, removing chips from the cutting zone, and cooling the workpiece and cutting tool [1]. However, improper use and disposal of cutting fluids can negatively impact the environment and human health. Turning, a widely used machining process in industries such as marine, energy, construction, and automotive manufacturing, involves removing material from a rotating workpiece using a single-point cutting tool [2]. Turning processes face challenges such as high cutting pressures, friction, tool wear, elevated temperatures at the tool-workpiece interface, and significant energy consumption [3–4]. Improving the sustainability and efficiency of turning requires reducing cutting forces and energy consumption, for which the use of effective cutting fluids is essential [5–6].
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