OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 examinations were performed using an OLYMPUS GX 51 optical microscope at ×100‑200 magnifications. The OLYMPUS Stream Motion software was used for image processing and analysis. To reveal the white layer, the sample metallographic specimens were etched with a 4 % nitric acid solution. Results and Discussion The resulting pit formation is shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3 illustrates the temperature fields after inter-pulse cooling. The finite element mesh cell size is 5 µm. During pit formation on the processed surface, a zone remains where the workpiece-electrode material is heated above its melting temperature, followed by instant cooling. This zone is the so-called white layer, which concentrates most of the defects. Defects arise due to stresses resulting from re-hardening, and changes in elemental composition caused by saturation of the working fluid and the tool-electrode material with elements. The developed scheme allows simulating a series of single pulses on the workpiece-electrode surface, taking into account the evolution of the surface geometry. In the future, the developed model can be used to predict the pit size and the overall roughness of the surface processed by CPEDM, depending on the processing modes and the properties of the workpiece material. a b c d Fig. 3. Temperature distribution fields during crater formation: a – 0.4 C-Cr, min; b – 0.4 C-Cr, max; c – 0.35 C-Cr-Mn-Si, min; d – 0.35 C-Cr-Mn-Si, max
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