OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 technology a b Fig. 6. Dependence of the change in the roughness parameters on the tool inclination angle α: a – altitude Ra, Rz, Rtm and b – spacing Sm, S, tp Fig. 7. Surface profiles obtained at different working tool inclination angles: a – without SPD; b – at α = 90°; c – at α = 75°; d – at α = 60°; e – at α = 45° height and spacing parameters of roughness, as well as an increase in tp, is observed for all specimens. The smallest changes are observed with a tool inclination angle of α = 90°, and the largest changes occur at α = 60°. This pattern of changes is related to the fact that as α decreases, the tangential component of the static clamping force Fτ increases, and, consequently, shear strains increase. Fig. 7 shows the surface profilograms of the specimens before and after ultrasonic processing with different inclination angles of the working tool.
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