OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 References 1. Radchenko V.P., Saushkin M.N., Bochkova T.I. A mathematical modeling and experimental study of forming and relaxation of the residual stresses in plane samples made of EP742 alloy after the ultrasonic hardening under the high-temperature creep conditions. PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, 2016, vol. 1, pp. 93–112. DOI: 10.15593/perm. mech/2016.1.07. 2. Krylova N.A., Shuvaev V.G. Obespechenie nadezhnosti i kachestva poverkhnostei detalei ul'trazvukovym poverkhnostnym plasticheskim deformirovaniem [Ensuring the reliability and quality of surfaces of parts by ultrasonic surface plastic deformation]. Nadezhnost' i kachestvo = Reliability and Quality, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 205–206. 3. Abramov O.V., Prikhod’koV.M., ed. Moshchnyi ul’trazvuk v metallurgii i mashinostroenii [Powerful ultrasound in metallurgy and mechanical engineering], Moscow, Yanus-K Publ., 2006. 687 p. ISBN 5-8037-0314-1. 4. Bai F., Saalbach K.-A., Wang L., Wang X., Twiefel J. Impact of time on ultrasonic cavitation peening via detection of surface plastic deformation, Ultrasonics, 2018, vol. 84, pp. 350–355. DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.12.001. 5. Zhang Y., Huang L., Lu F., Qu S., Ji V., Hu X., Liu H. Effects of ultrasonic surface rolling on fretting wear behaviors of a novel 25CrNi2MoV steel. Materials Letters, 2021, vol. 284 (2), p. 128955. DOI: 10.1016/j. matlet.2020.128955. 6. Cui Z., Mi Y., Qiu D., Dong P., Qin Z., Gong D., Li W. Microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys after ultrasonic surface rolling process. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, vol. 887, pp. 161393. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161393. 7. Lai F., Qu S., Lewis R., Slatter T., Fu W., Li X. The influence of ultrasonic surface rolling on the fatigue and wear properties of 23-8N engine valve steel. International Journal of Fatigue, 2019, vol. 125, pp. 299–313. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.04.010. Before and after the friction tests, the specimens were weighed. As the inclination angle of the oscillating system decreased, the amount of wear by mass increased. The lowest wear (0.146 g) was recorded in the specimens processed at an inclination angle of α = 90°. At angles α of 75°, 60°, and 45°, the change in mass was 0.195, 0.178, and 0.231 g, respectively. Conclusions The studies conducted on the influence of ultrasonic SPD with different inclination angles of the working tool on the surface properties of steel 45 specimens have revealed the features of this technological method. The studies have shown that the inclination angle of the working tool has a different effect on the characteristics of the surface layer controlled in the study. Ultrasonic SPD under the selected processing modes allows reducing the height roughness parameters by up to 6–7 times, the spacing parameters by up to 3 times, and also increasing the relative bearing length of the profile by up to 4 times. Moreover, the best results are achieved at an inclination angle of α = 45°. The maximum depth of the work-hardened layer is achieved at α = 90°, and under the selected processing modes, it is 345 μm. As the angle α decreases, the normal component of the force of interaction between the tool and the workpiece decreases, and the work hardening decreases accordingly. The lowest wear is also observed at the greatest depth of work hardening. Based on the conducted studies, it can be stated that the choice of the oscillating system inclination angle is made based on the requirements for the resulting surface layer. In cases where it is necessary to obtain the lowest values of the roughness parameters, it is advisable to set the inclination angle to α = 45–60°. The greatest depth of the deformed layer and, as a consequence, greater wear resistance is achieved at α = 75°…90°. Since, as noted, the most significant factors are feed and clamping force, the obtained results can be used in the processing of curved surfaces of parts, in particular, those obtained by additive manufacturing technologies. In such cases, the ultrasonic equipment is installed on a machine that provides the required strategy for moving the working tool, while the most rational technological method is to regulate the oscillating system inclination angle during processing.
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