OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 23 No. 3 2021 MATERIAL SCIENCE EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS 7 1 5 Fig. 4. Vibration displacement signals for cutting at a speed of 150 m/min: a – in the axial direction; b – in the radial direction; c – in the tangential direction a b c the wear of the cutting wedge, at each of eight steps, the actual wear of the cutting wedge on the back face was evaluated using a inverted metallographic microscope LaboMet-I version 4, equipped with wide-angle lenses 5/20, having a 20 mm linear field of view, and a digital camera for microscopes Ucam-1400 with a 1.4 μm×1.4 μm matrix. The microscope appearance and measurement results are shown in Fig. 6 and 7. A portion of the cutting tool wear measurement results is shown in Fig. 7 As shown in Fig. 7, the back face wear measurements were 0.3 mm for the first trial and 0.33 mm for the second trial. The complete measurement results are presented in the table 1 below. The measurement results are shown in Fig. 8. The wear curve development of the cutting tool, illustrated in Fig. 9, identifies three characteristic measurement points. These points will be used later for parametric identification of virtual models within the digital twin. Now, consider the relationship between the cutting tool wear and the surface quality of the machined part. To perform this assessment, a Contour ELITE optical three-dimensional microscope and a T4HD contour profile recorder (shown in Fig. 9) were used. Due to the physical size of the measuring equipment (Contour ELITE optical three-dimensional microscope and T4HD contour profile recorder), surface quality measurements could not be performed directly on the machine. To facilitate quality assessment, it was necessary to isolate the regions of interest. Therefore, each step of the experiment, where tool wear was measured, also included the creation of a corresponding evaluation surface. Considering that the shaft was ground during the experiment, it was convenient to measure tool wear after each tool stroke along the shaft and to design each step such that the processed surface from the previous step was preserved. After a series of experiments in which force response and the power of irreversible transformations (temperature in the cutting zone) were also measured, the resulting machined shaft exhibited a conical shape with a discretely decreasing radius, as shown in Fig. 10.
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