OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 Ta b l e 2 Summary of Pin-on-Disk Testing Conditions Parameter Value Pin Material 5 % wt. PEEK in Acrylate, 10 % wt. PEEK in Acrylate Disk Material SS 316 Normal Load 10 N Sliding Speed 1 m/s Sliding Distance 1,000 was collected. The tribometer was pre-calibrated to ensure high accuracy in maintaining the applied load, sliding speed, and disk rotation speed. During the test, the vertically mounted pins exerted constant pressure against the rotating stainless steel disk, inducing wear as a result of sliding contact. After completion of the tests, the worn surfaces of the pins were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the wear mechanisms and surface degradation patterns of each PEEK composite material. Particular attention was given to the surface morphology to establish a relationship between reinforcement level and wear performance. The key parameters of the pin-on-disk wear tests (materials, load, speed, and sliding distance) are summarized in Table 2. Results and Discussion A3D-printed PEEK inAcrylate composite biomaterial was thoroughly examined for its suitability in hip hip-joint applications. As part of this research, a novel biomaterial — a PEEK inAcrylate composite —was developed, incorporating varying PEEK content (0 wt. %, 5 wt. %, and 10 wt. %) in Acrylate base material. Tests were conducted to determine the material properties, biocompatibility, and 3D-printability. ASTM standard pins were fabricated using digital light processing (DLP) 3D-printing at room temperature. An experimental study of wear under dry sliding friction conditions was performed on the PEEK composites with varying percentage concentrations within the Acrylate. An SS 316 steel disk was used as the counterbody. The objective of the tests was to assess the effect of PEEK content on the wear resistance and wear rate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were employed to analyze the surface structure and elemental composition of the materials. The results and conclusions obtained from the SEM and EDS analyses and the wear tests are presented below. Characterization of the base acrylate material Surface morphology and microstructural features The baseAcrylate material was investigated using scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) at magnifications ranging from 500× to 5,000× (see Fig. 6, a, b, and c) with an accelerating voltage of 20 kV. Imaging settings were selected for detailed analysis of the surface structure and microscopic characteristics of the material, enabling the identification of both large-scale and small-scale features. SEM images acquired at 500× magnification revealed a predominantly smooth surface small ripples evenly distributed throughout the material. The smooth surface morphology of this polymer indicates a high-quality manufacturing process and the absence of macroscopic defects such as voids or inclusions. At magnifications of 1,000× and 2,000×, the surface texture became more pronounced, revealing features mainly in the 1–2 μm size range. These features are likely due to the polymer composition, which can lead to slight variations in surface texture that arise during processing. The even distribution of these features suggests deliberate material processing, resulting in a homogenous surface that increases its mechanical durability. When magnified up to 5,000×, the microstructure of the material became more discernible (see Fig. 6, c). The SEM images revealed a smooth and homogenous texture without any visible crystalline formations,
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