OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 27 No. 2 2025 technology As a result, the main mechanism of CET is the collapse and pulsation of cavitation bubbles in locations of maximum surface irregularity. From the perspective of treating additive products, this mechanism, on the one hand, helps to remove surface defects; on the other hand, it leads to an increased depth of microrelief depressions. In CAT (Fig. 6), cavitation clusters also form on the surface covered with an abrasive layer at the time when ultrasound is activated. The pulsation of these clusters leads to the separation of abrasive particles (0-18.7 ms). As the clusters grow, the process intensifies, and most abrasive particles are separated from the surface (56.1–112.2 ms). By this time, the acoustic stream and the cavitation bubbles carried by it from the radiator reach the treatment area (130.9 ms), drag the abrasive particles with them, and transfer them back to the surface. This results in a shock effect, which is determined by the speed of movement of the abrasive. This speed can be equal to the stream velocity or significantly increase when a bubble collapses next to an abrasive particle, imparting a pulse via the resulting shock wave (frames after 149.6 ms). After impacting the surface, a significant number of particles enter the field of action of the clusters, where they oscillate with them, rotate (187 ms), impact the surface during the cluster collapse, and move along the surface (243.1–261.8 ms). In all cases, the surface is subjected to a micro-cutting effect from abrasive particles, which changes the microrelief. When the power of the acoustic stream escaping to the sides exceeds the forces acting on the abrasive particle, the particle is carried away. Subsequently, the acoustic stream returns under the end of the radiator, from where it is transferred to the surface, where it performs micro-cutting. At frames 336.6–355.3 ms, the combined effect of cavitation clusters and abrasive particles is more pronounced. Fig. 6. CAT process cinematography (frame rate: 5,339 fps)
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