OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 27 No. 2 2025 References 1. Peng X., Kong L., Fuh J.Y.H., Wang H. A review of post-processing technologies in additive manufacturing. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, 2021, vol. 5 (2), p. 38. DOI: 10.3390/jmmp5020038. 2. Sundukov S.K. Ul’trazvukovye tekhnologii v protsessakh polucheniya neraz”emnykh soedinenii [Ultrasonic technologies in the processes of obtaining permanent connections]. Moscow, Tekhpoligraftsentr Publ., 2023. 263 p. ISBN 978-5-94385-209-1. 3. Grigor’ev S.N., Tarasova T.V. Vozmozhnosti tekhnologii additivnogo proizvodstva dlya izgotovleniya slozhnoprofil’nykh detalei i polucheniya funktsional’nykh pokrytii iz metallicheskikh poroshkov [Potential of additive manufacturing technology for manufacturing complex-shaped parts and obtaining functional coatings from metal powders]. Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov = Metal Science and Heat Treatment, 2015, no. 10 (724), pp. 5–10. 4. Metel A., Tarasova T., Gutsaliuk E., Khmyrov R., Egorov S., Grigoriev S. Possibilities of additive technologies for the manufacturing of tooling from corrosion-resistant steels in order to protect parts surfaces from thermochemical treatment. Metals, 2021, vol. 11 (10), p. 1551. DOI: 10.3390/met11101551. 5. Magnien J., Cosemans P., Nutal N., Kairet T. Current surface issues in additive manufacturing. Plasma Processes and Polymers, 2020, vol. 17 (1), p. 1900154. DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201900154. with the cluster, undergo oscillatory, rotational, and longitudinal movements along the surface, deforming its irregularities. In ultrasonic SPD, the main mechanism is the deformation of the protrusions of micro-irregularities and spheres under the action of a high-frequency micro-shock load. Conclusions Comparative studies of various types of ultrasonic treatment of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy samples obtained by selective laser melting have shown the following: – the microgeometry of the sample surface is a set of spherical defects caused by manufacturing features, resulting in high roughness; – liquid processing methods, CET and CAT, are effective in the etchant environment (3% HF + 5% HNO3 + H2O), which allows for the removal of the oxide film; – a comparison of CET and CAT using high-speed imaging showed that with CET, cavitation bubbles cluster at locations of greatest surface irregularities where work is carried out. With CAT, clusters and abrasive particles act together, which, in addition to impacting the surface, undergo oscillatory, rotational, and longitudinal movements, deforming the protrusions of micro-irregularities; – high pressures and temperatures that occur during the collapse of cavitation bubbles significantly accelerate chemical etching at the collapse sites; – CET+CT for 15 minutes leads to the complete removal of all spherical surface defects, resulting in a surface that is an alternation of melt tracks; – with CAT+CT, the resulting pressures and temperatures are largely transferred to abrasive particles, which, when accelerated, perform micro-cutting actions, resulting in the removal and/or deformation of some of the defects; – ultrasonic SPD treatment leads to the flattening of surface defects and the formation of large, flat areas on the surface; – with all the considered types of ultrasonic treatment, surface roughness decreases: Ra decreases by 33% with CET+CT, by 43% with CAT+CT, and by 52% with ultrasonic SPD. However, the greatest height of irregularities, Rmax, is the least with CAT+CT; – analysis of the microstructure after SPD reveals a hardened layer with a depth of approximately 100 µm and an increase in microhardness of up to 35%; – the primary disadvantage of SPD is the formation of defects in the surface layer, including cracks, partially deformed spheres, and the presence of untreated deep surface depressions; – prior to SPD, it is advisable to carry out CET+CT or CAT+CT to remove existing surface defects.
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