OBRABOTKAMETALLOV technology Vol. 27 No. 2 2025 of 0.365. The least significant factor among these parameters is pulse-on time (Ton), based on its minimum delta value of 0.269. The best outcomes regarding MRR, together with surface roughness and tool wear, depend heavily on proper optimization of gap voltage (Vg). The selection process for gap current (Ig) needs optimization alongside gap voltage because it displays an important influence on performance. The variation of pulse-on time (Ton) leads to near-unnoticeable changes in the entire machining performance parameters. Predicted optimal means The optimal level of utility (UMRR, SR, TWR) is anticipated at the ideal values of the main factors indicated above. The anticipated average of the performance metric may be calculated using equation (15): µ , , 3 1 1 2 MRR TWR SR B C E T (15) where T is the overall mean of utility; 3 B is the average value of utility at third level of gap current; 1 C is the average value of utility at first level of gap voltage; 1 E is the average value of utility at first level of pulse off time. Specific values: T = 3.462; 3 B = 3.644; 1 C = 4.207; 1 E = 3.593; µ , , MRR TWR SR= 4.52. The 95 % confidence intervals for confirmation experiments (CICE) and the population (CIpop) are computed using equations (9) and (10), with the results presented as follows: CICE = ± 0.3376 and CIpop = ± 0.1787 The estimated confidence interval for validation experiments is: µ µ µ , , , , , , MRR TWR SR MRR TWR SR CE MRR TWR SR CE Mean CI Mean CI µ , , 4.1824 4.8575 MRR TWR SR The 95 % confidence interval for the population is: µ µ µ , , , , , , MRR TWR SR MRR TWR SR pop MRR TWR SR pop Mean CI Mean CI µ , , 4.3413 4.6987 MRR TWR SR The confidence interval for confirmation experiments (CICE) defines the expected range of outcomes during the confirmation procedure. According to the experimental data, the true mean of the confirmation experiment results will lie between 4.1824 and 4.8576 with 95 % confidence. A broader interval width indicates higher variability and uncertainty in the experimental data. The confidence interval for the population (CIpop) predicts the natural variation present in the entire population across all possible observations. The narrower range of CIpop indicates greater precision and less variability in the population data. Based on this confidence level, the measurement for the overall population should fall between 4.3413 and 4.6987. The confidence interval for the confirmation experiments (CICE) is wider than that calculated for the population (CIpop) because confirmation experiments rely on a smaller sample size, which increases measurement variability. Conversely, the larger dataset used to calculate CIpop results in lower uncertainty.
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