OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 23 No. 3 2021 MATERIAL SCIENCE EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS 7 2 5 a b Fig. 3. Wireless tool holder (a) and MQL setup (b) Cotton, Pongamia pinnata, etc. Characterization of Undi oil has been done, and its properties are tabulated in Table 2 as per ASTM D6751. Graphene oxide was used as a nanoparticle to mix with Undi oil to generate the base fluid/coolant. FESEM was used to reveal the structure of graphene oxide, as shown in Fig. 4, a, which indicates that the size of the graphene oxide sheets is approximately 10 nm. In addition, Fig. 4, b shows EDAX plots of graphene oxide, which provide evidence of the presence of C and O ions with the proper ratio, confirming the desired stoichiometric composition. The properties of graphene oxide are given in Table 3. In order to make nano-cutting fluid, 10 nm-sized graphene oxide nanoparticles were selected due to their potential applications and superior properties. To prepare the nano cutting fluid, four grams of graphene oxide nanoparticles were mixed with 200 ml of Undi oil as the base fluid to prepare the sample. The graphene oxide nanoparticles and Undi oil were mixed in a proportion of 2 w/v % and continuously stirred using a magnetic stirrer for about 24 hours, followed by ultrasonication for 2 hours, as shown in Fig. 5. Ta b l e 2 Properties of Undi Oil Test Description Density (g/c3) Flash point (°С) Fire point (°С) Viscosity (Cst) Thermal conductivity (W/m K) Ph range ASTM 6751 D1148 D93 D93 D445 D2709 – Undi Oil 0.91 152 162 38.16 164–168 6.7 a b Fig. 4. FESEM image of graphene oxide (a) and EDAX plots of graphene oxide (b)
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