OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Том 23 № 3 2021 EQUIPMEN . INSTRUM TS Vol. 7 No. 2 2025 а b Fig. 14. Defect-free bimetallic specimens fabricated by EBAM with optimal parameters: a – sharp interface; b – smooth interface а b c Fig. 15. Defect-free steel-copper composites: a – 10 % steel; b – 25 % steel; c –50 % steel 2. It has been established that the transition rate between dissimilar materials is reflected in the rate of change of heat input values as a function of layer number. To obtain a sharp interface between iron and copper alloys, a rapid reduction in heat input values is required, from 0.38 kJ/mm to 0.20 kJ/mm. When forming a smooth interface, a gradual decrease in heat input is necessary. 3. During the additive manufacturing of heterogeneous composites with simultaneous feeding of dissimilar materials, a complex process of component mixing in the liquid state and subsequent solidification occurs. 4. With a close ratio of volume fractions in heterogeneous samples of a composite specimen of the copper alloy and iron alloy system, it is necessary to use a continuous type of feeding. Conversely, when there is a significant difference in the volume fractions, a discrete feeding strategy is necessary. References 1. Mehrpouya M., Tuma D., Vaneker T., Afrasiabi M., Bambach M., Gibson I. Multimaterial powder bed fusion techniques. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 2022, vol. 28 (11), pp. 1–19. DOI: 10.1108/RPJ-01-2022-0014. 2. Zadpoor A.A. Additively manufactured metallic porous biomaterials. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2019, vol. 7 (26), pp. 4088–4117. DOI: 10.1039/C9TB00420C. 3. Chen S., Huang J., Xia J., Zhao X., Lin S. Influence of processing parameters on the characteristics of stainless steel/copper laser welding. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2015, vol. 222, pp. 43–51. DOI: 10.1016/j. jmatprotec.2015.03.003. 4. Kučerová L., Zetková I., Jeníček Š., Burdová K. Hybrid parts produced by deposition of 18Ni300 maraging steel via selective laser melting on forged and heat treated advanced high strength steel. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, vol. 32, p. 101108. DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2020.101108. 5. Raghuraman V., Widom M., Eisenbach M., Wang Y. First-principles residual resistivity using a locally self-consistent multiple scattering method. Physical Review B, 2024, vol. 109, p. 104204. DOI: 10.1103/ PhysRevB.109.104204. 6. Wittenburg K. Specific instrumentation and diagnostics for high-intensity hadron beams. CERN Yellow Reports. Geneva, 2013, pp. 251–308. DOI: 10.5170/CERN-2013-001.251.
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