OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 27 No. 3 2025 a b c d e Fig. 7. Optical images of the steel ball surfaces after sliding against Cu-Al-Si-Mn bronze samples. Sample 1 (a), sample 2 (b), sample 3 (c), sample 4 (d) and sample 5 (e) Following friction of Sample 3 and Sample 5 (Fig. 7 c, d), a noticeable layer of bronze, transferred from the wear track, forms on the surface of the balls. Its formation is attributed to a reduction in the oxidation of the copper alloy surface during sliding friction in the examined structural states, which also leads to less pronounced mechanical removal of material from the ball surfaces. To provide a more detailed assessment of the wear track surface condition, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed (Figs. 8, 9). As a result of friction, dark layers of material formed, unevenly covering the worn surface of the Cu-Al-Si-Mn alloy samples. EDS analysis revealed that these layers contained an increased concentration of oxygen (Fig. 9). Therefore, these layers consist of a mechanical mixture of bronze and wear particles, which underwent oxidation due to thermomechanical a b c d e Fig. 8. SEM images of the wear track surfaces of Cu-Al-Si-Mn bronze. Sample 1 (a), sample 2 (b), sample 3 (c), sample 4 (d) and sample 5 (e)
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