Obrabotka Metallov 2019 Vol. 21 No. 4

OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 109 MATERIAL SCIENCE Regularities of Composite Materials Formation using Additive Electron-Beam Technology, Friction Stir Welding and Friction Stir Processing Tatiana Kalashnikova 1, a , Anastasia Gusarova 1, b , Andrey Chumaevskii 1, c , Evgeny Knyazhev 2, d , Mikhail Shvedov 3, e , Petr Vasilyev 3, f 1 Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation 2 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation 3 I. N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, 15 Moskovsky Prospekt, Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-4011, gelombang@ispms.tsc.ru , b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-7584, gusarova@ispms.ru , c http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-4385, tch7av@gmail.com, d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-9720, zhenya4825@gmail.com , e https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-6134, shved1951@rambler.ru , f https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-6266, svarkacheb@yandex.ru Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2019 vol. 21 no. 4 pp. 94–112 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2019-21.4-94-112 Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov ARTICLE INFO Article history : Received: 16 September 2019 Revised: 14 October 2019 Accepted: 15 October 2019 Available online: 15 December 2019 Keywords : Friction Stir Welding Friction Stir Processing Electron-beam Additive Manufacturing Structural-phase state Mechanical properties Funding The work on obtaining and studying the structure of samples by friction stir welding and friction stir process- ing is performed within the frame of the Fundamental Research Program of the State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020, line of research III.23. The works on obtaining and studying the structure by the method of additive electron-beam manufacturing were supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (project № 19-79-00136). ABSTRACT Introduction. At the present time, among the methods of obtaining polymetallic structures of great importance are the technologies of solid-phase and liquid-phase materials production, as well as the ways of combining different methods and using hybrid technologies. In this connection, it is necessary to carry out complex comparative research tests of structural-phase changes in the materials obtained by different methods from dissimilar metals and alloys. The purpose of this work is to obtain polymetallic structures of “copper-aluminum” system by different methods and to study the structural-phase state of the materials. The structure of copper-aluminum polymetallic samples formed by friction stir welding, friction stir processing and additive electron-beam wire-feed technology has been studied. The methods as optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and microhardness measurement were used in the study. Results and discussions. Different features of solid solutions and intermetallic phases formation in materials at various technological processes are revealed, and peculiarities of defects formation depending on technological methods of samples formation are determined. Possibilities of obtaining samples with a composite structure including hardening intermetallic particles in the metal matrix by different manufacturing and processing methods are determined. The received data testify to the formation of intermetallic phases of higher hardness in the boundary layer area during the mixing of the system components in the liquid state under the additive electron-beam technology conditions. Distribution of intermetallic components is more uniform at friction stir processing of copper and aluminum sheet metal package with an arrangement of aluminum alloy sheet in the upper part. The least hard intermetallic phases are formed during friction stir welding. Overheating of the system and sample destruction is possible with different positions of copper and aluminum alloy sheets during friction stir welding and processing. The heterogeneous structure of the stir zone of the system components during friction stir welding is determined by different conditions on the advancing and retreating sides of the sample. The structure of the stir zone of the heterogeneous materials sample is similar to that formed during friction stir welding of homogeneous materials and is represented by a vortex structure with alternation of different system components layers. Intensive diffusion interaction of aluminum alloy and copper during friction stir processing leads to the introduction of solid solutions and intermetallic phases to a significant depth in the heat-affected zone of copper sheet. Sample destruction due to the defect formation in the form of different scale level cracks at additive electron-beam technology occurs mainly in the zone of the hardest intermetallic phase formation along the boundaries of various structural components. For citation: Kalashnikova T.A., Gusarova A.V., Chumaevskii A.V., Knyazhev E.O., Shvedov M.A., Vasilyev P.A. Regularities of composite materials formation using additive electron-beam technology, friction stir welding and friction stir processing. Obrabotkametallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science , 2019, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 94–112. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2019-21.4- 94-112. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Kalashnikova Tatiana A. , Junior Staff Scientist Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation Tel.: 8 (913) 883-70-02, e-mail: gelombang@ispms.tsc.ru