Obrabotka Metallov 2020 Vol. 22 No. 1

OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 22 No. 1 2020 132 MATERIAL SCIENCE Patterns of Structure Formation in Materials obtained by Hybrid Additive-Thermomechanical Method Anastasia Gusarova a , Andrey Chumaevskii b, * , Ksenia Osipovich c , Tatiana Kalashnikova d , Kirill Kalashnikov e Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-7584, gusarova@ispms.ru , b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-4385, tch7av@gmail.com, c https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-775X , osipovich_k@ispms.tsc.ru , d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-4011 , gelombang@ispms.tsc.ru , e https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0286-7156, sso.spektr.asu@gmail.com Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2020 vol. 22 no. 1 pp. 114–135 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.1-114-135 Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov ARTICLE INFO Article history : Received: 15 December 2019 Revised: 10 January 2019 Accepted: 14 February 2020 Available online: 15 March 2020 Keywords : Friction stir processing Electron-beam additive manufacturing Structural-phase state Mechanical properties Polymetallic materials Hybrid technologies Funding The work on obtaining and studying the samples structure through the ad- ditive manufacturing method and the friction stir processing was performed within the frame of the Fundamental Research Program of the State Acad- emies of Sciences for 2013-2020, line of research III.23. The works on ob- taining the materials of the Cu-Al sys- tem using the electron-beam additive manufacturing method were supported by the Russian Scienti fi c Foundation (project № 19-79-00136). ABSTRACT Introduction. At present, the methods of additive manufacturing technologies for obtaining metallic materi- als of different chemical and phase composition are being actively developed. Wire technology is based on the electron-beam melting method and is one of the most promising technologies that allows, in addition to obtaining complex shaped components, to create materials with unique gradient layered structure. But such technologies allow obtaining products with the structure of cast unhardened material with a coarse crystalline structure and irregular component distribution of the used material. In order to achieve a homogeneous structure of the obtained materials, as well as to strengthen the material and re fi ne the grains, it is possible to use additional friction stir processing, which can change the distribution of polymetallic sample components with the formation of the structure, which is not achievable by any available methods. From the above, the problem of grain re fi nement, material hardening and obtaining a homogeneous structure during the polymetallic materials manufacturing from similar and dissimilar met- als and alloys is an important one at present. In this paper, a combination of additive electron-beam manufacturing and friction stir processing techniques is used to solve this problem. The approach consists in the effect of the severe plastic deformation method on the gradient transition of a polymetallic product fabricated by additive manufacturing. The aim of this work is to study the macrostructural regularities of polymetallic samples formation by the additive electron-beam manufacturing method, which forms mechanical mixtures (Cu-Fe), solid solutions and intermetallic compounds (Cu-Al) in the contact zone. The peculiarities of bimetal samples formation from similar and dissimilar metals, obtained by additive method, and regularities of structural changes in materials of Cu-Fe system after hybrid additive-thermomechanical processing are investigated in the work . The research methods are optical and scan- ning electron microscopy as well as analysis of micromechanical properties by the microhardness measurement in different sections of the obtained samples. Results of the study. The structural changes in the materials obtained by additive method depending on the polymetallic material phase types are revealed. The received data indicate a uniform distribution of the polymetallic sample components in the structural gradient zone, which do not form in- termetallic phases and solid solutions in the contact zone. The regularities of plastic deformation and fragmentation in the Cu-Fe system (copper М 1 - steel 321) after friction stir processing were determined using scanning electron microscopy, micro-X-ray spectral analysis and optical microscopy. The data obtained demonstrate the formation of metal fl ows in the stir zone towards the contour of the tool. The material layers have different grain size, peculiarities of copper and steel particles distribution, and also chemical elements distribution regularities. On the edges of the stir zone there is excessive mixing into the upper material layers from the underlying steel layers. In the stir zone there is a heterogeneity of structure that occurs in the distribution of individual layers, their thickness, grain size and volume fraction of different phases. For citation: Gusarova A.V., Chumaevskii A.V., Osipovich K.S., Kalashnikova T.A., Kalashnikov K.N. Patterns of Structure Formation in Materials obtained by Hybrid Additive-Thermomechanical Method. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science , 2020, vol. 22, no. 1, pp 114–135. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2020-22.1-114-135. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Chumaevskii Andrey V., Scienti fi c associate Institute of Strenght Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055, Tomsk, Russian Federation Tel.: 8 (961) 891-41-49, e-mail: tch7av@gmail.com