Актуальные проблемы в машиностроении. Том 10. № 1-2. 2023 Инновационные технологии в машиностроении ____________________________________________________________________ 11 Fig. 3. Scheme of heat flows during cutting according to A.N. Reznikov. To empirically confirm the calculated temperatures on the front and rear surfaces of the cutter, A.N. Reznikov proposed his own method for measuring temperature, which he called a ―running thermocouple‖ (Fig. 4). Two dissimilar conductors 2 and 3, isolated from each other, inserted into a copper tube 1, were installed in a hole in the material being processed [11]. When cutting this tube with a cutter, the conductors closed, forming two artificial thermocouples, one of which, together with the chips, moved along the front surface of the cutter, and the second, which remained in the product, along its rear surface. Through contacts K1 – K2 and K3 – K4, the electrical signal from the thermocouples was transmitted to the oscilloscope. Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of a ―running thermocouple‖ The ―running thermocouple‖ method made it possible to register temperatures both in a thin notch layer of the chip and on the contact area ―cutter-workpiece‖. Using this method, A.N. Reznikov was able to directly measure the temperatures at the contact of the chip with the front surface of the cutter, which Chao and Trigger failed to do. In the 1960s, in the absence of a computer, it was impossible theoretically to construct temperature fields in complex cases of heat transfer or with a complex tool profile. To avoid insurmountable analytical difficulties, it was necessary to significantly simplify the mathematical model of the process, neglecting a number of important factors, and this significantly reduced the reliability of the results obtained. Understanding this, A.N. Reznikov in 1959–60 began to use analog
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