OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 26 No. 2 2024 221 MATERIAL SCIENCE Study of Fe-matrix composites with carbide strengthening, formed by sintering of iron titanides and carbon mechanically activated mixtures Gennady Pribytkov a, *, Anton Baranovskiy b, Irina Firsina c, Kirill Akimov d, Vladimir Krivopalov e Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8267-971X, gapribyt@mail.ru; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-4716, nigalisha@gmail.com; c https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2253-0582, iris1983@yandex.ru; d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3204-250X, akimov_ko@ispms.ru; e https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3224-1749, krivopalov@ispms.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2024 vol. 26 no. 2 pp. 212–223 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.2-212-223 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 04 March 2024 Revised: 18 March 2024 Accepted: 25 March 2024 Available online: 15 June 2024 Keywords: Iron titanides Carbon (carbon black) Powder mixtures Mechanical activation Sintering Iron matrix composites Titanium carbide Phase composition Funding The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 23-29-00106): “In situ synthesis of metal matrix composites with submicron carbide strengthening phase”. ABSTRACT Introduction. The addition of dispersed solid particles of refractory compounds (carbides, borides, silicides) to the structure of alloy is a widely used eff ective way to increase the wear resistance of steels and alloys. Composites with a matrix of iron-based alloys (steel and cast iron) strengthened by titanium carbide particles are of great practical interest. The main structural characteristics, which defi ne hardness and wear resistance of the composites, are volume fraction, dispersion and morphology of the particles of the strengthening carbide phase. The structure of composites depends on the method of its preparation. The methods of powder metallurgy combined with preliminary mechanical activation of powder mixtures have become widespread. It is previously established that in mechanically activated powder mixtures of FTi35S5 ferrotitanium, consisting of 82 % of (Fe,Al)2Ti phase, and P-803 carbon black, a reaction occurs with the formation of a composite consisting of a steel binder and titanium carbide. The synthesis reaction of carbides occurs in a solid-phase mode at combustion’s temperatures of 900–950 °C. Therefore, there is no coarsening of the structure due to the growth of carbide particles, which is typical for reactions in the presence of a liquid phase. FTi35S5 alloy contains a plenty of impurities (silicon, aluminum and etc). The purpose of the work is to investigate the phase composition and structure of the products of the interaction of Fe2Ti and FeTi iron titanides with carbon under the conditions of reaction sintering of mechanically activated powder mixtures and to determine the possibility of synthesizing iron-matrix composites strengthened with submicron titanium carbide particles. Research methods. The structure and phase composition of sintered compacts from mechanically activated powders were studied by optical metallography, X-ray diff raction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using determination of the elemental composition by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Experimental technique. The reaction mixtures were prepared using intermetallic powders obtained by vacuum sintering of compacts from iron and titanium powder mixtures of 2Fe+Ti and Fe+Ti compositions. Carbon black was added to the intermetallic powders to convert all the titanium containing in the intermetallic compounds into carbide. The titanides – carbon black mixtures were processed by an Activator 2S planetary ball mill for 10 min milling time at a rotation speed of 755 rpm (40g). The mechanically activated mixtures were cold compacted into cylindrical samples with a diameter of 20 mm, which were sintered in vacuum at а temperature of 1,200 °C and an isothermal holding time of 60 minutes. Results and discussion. According to the results of X-ray diff raction analysis, almost all titanium contained in iron titanides reacts with carbon to form carbide and reduced iron. The sintering products of compacts of both compositions contain target phases: titanium carbide with a slight shift from the equiatomic ratio and α-iron, which has the lattice parameters close to the reference data, and also a few of other phases. The titanium carbide particles in the iron binder were identifi ed on the back-scattered electron (BSE) images due to the tonal contrast: the heavy iron appears darker against the carbide, which is composed of lighter elements. According to EDX analysis, the relative content of titanium and carbon in the carbide particles indeed corresponds to the composition of nonstoichiometric titanium carbide. Conclusion. The composites including titanium carbide and α-iron binder were obtained by sintering of iron titanides and carbon (carbon black) mechanically activated powder mixtures. The granules of composite powders obtained by crushing of sintered compacts are of interest as feedstocks for wear-resistant coatings and additive technologies, as well as for manufacturing of dense materials by other compaction methods: spark plasma sintering (SPS) or hot pressing (HP). For citation: Pribytkov G.A., Baranovskiy A.V., Firsina I.A., Akimov K.O., Krivopalov V.P. Study of Fe-matrix composites with carbide strengthening, formed by sintering of iron titanides and carbon mechanically activated mixtures. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2024, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 212–223. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.2212-223. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Pribytkov Gennady A., D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor, General Researcher Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 pr. Akademicheskii, 634055, Tomsk, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 913 860-04-49, e-mail: gapribyt@mail.ru
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