OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 26 No. 3 2024 160 EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS Patterns of reverse-polarity plasma torches wear during cutting of thick rolled sheets Evgeny Sidorov 1, a, *, Artem Grinenko 2, b, Andrey Chumaevsky 1, c, Alexander Panfi lov 1, d, Evgeny Knyazhev 1, e, Alexandra Nikolaeva 1, f, Andrey Cheremnov 1, g, Valery Rubtsov 1, h, Veronika Utyaganova 1, i, Ksenia Osipovich 1, j, Evgeniy Kolubaev 1, k 1 Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation 2 ITS-Siberia LLC, Krasnoyarsk, 16a Severnoe shosse, 660118, Russian Federation а https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2665-7514, eas@ispms.ru; b https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9511-1303, giga2011@yandex.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-4385, tch7av@gmail.com; d https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-0743, alexpl@ispms.ru; e https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-9720, clothoid@ispms.tsc.ru; f https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-8540, nikolaeva@ispms.tsc.ru; g https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-8232, amc@ispms.tsc.ru; h https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-1869, rvy@ispms.tsc.ru; i https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2303-8015, veronika_ru@ispms.ru; j https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-775X, osipovich_k@ispms.ru; k https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-3656, eak@ispms.tsc.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2024 vol. 26 no. 3 pp. 149–162 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.3-149-162 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 16 June 2024 Revised: 22 June 2024 Accepted: 04 July 2024 Available online: 15 September 2024 Keywords: Plasma cutting Macrostructure Wear Nozzle Electrode Heat aff ected zone Metal melting Cutting parameters Funding The results were obtained in the framework of the Integrated Project “Establishment of production of high-tech equipment for adaptive high-precision plasma heavy cutting of non-ferrous metals for the metallurgical, aerospace and transport industries of the Russian Federation” (Agreement No. 075-11-2022-012 dated April 06, 2022) implemented by the ISPMS SB RAS at the fi nancial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation as part of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 218 dated April 09, 2010. Acknowledgements Research was partially conducted at core facility “Structure, mechanical and physical properties of materials” and center “Nanotech” ISPMS RAS. ABSTRACT The introduction describes the features of the process of plasma cutting of various metals and alloys using reverse-polarity plasma torches with and the features of cutting thick sheets. The purpose of the work is to study the wear process of plasma torches operating on reverse polarity current when cutting thick rolled sheets of aluminum and titanium alloys. Research methods include optical and scanning electron microscopy, fi lming of the cutting process and visual inspection of plasma torch elements after receiving specimens. Results and discussion. The section shows the appearance of the main working elements of the plasma torch after cutting in various modes, which led to both stable and gradual wear and to catastrophic failure of the plasma torch. The results of structural studies of the main characteristic zones of nozzles and electrodes after cutting are presented. The studies carried out made it possible to establish the main reasons for the failure of the working elements reverse-polarity plasma torches. The causes of catastrophic failure of plasma torches include failure to maintain the gap between the nozzle and the electrode and melting of the channel of gas supply into the discharge chamber. The wear of nozzles and electrodes in a stable mode can be intensifi ed due to abnormal operation of the starting arc, the presence of manufacturing inaccuracies and excess gas pressure. In conclusion, the main conclusions based on the results of the research are formulated. The process of wear of electrodes, nozzles and body elements of plasma torches during operation at high electric arc power values is described. For citation: Sidorov E.A., GrinenkoA.V., ChumaevskyA.V., Panfi lovA.O., Knyazhev E.O., NikolaevaA.V., CheremnovA.M., Rubtsov V.E., Utyaganova V.R., Osipovich K.S., Kolubaev E.A. Patterns of reverse-polarity plasma torches wear during cutting of thick rolled sheets. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2024, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 149–162. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.3-149-162. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Sidorov Evgeny A., Ph.D., Student, Engineer Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Sciences SB RAS, 2/4, pr. Akademicheskii, 634055, Tomsk, Russian Federation Tеl.: +7 382 228–68–63, e-mail: eas@ispms.ru
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