OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 27 No. 1 2025 90 TECHNOLOGY Infl uence of the oscillating systems inclination angle on the surface properties of steel 45 during ultrasonic surface plastic deformation Dmitry Fatyukhin a, Ravil Nigmetzyanov b, Vyacheslav Prikhodko c, Sergey Sundukov d, Aleksandr Sukhov e Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), 64 Leningradsky prospect, Moscow, 125319, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5914-3415, mitriy2@yandex.ru; b https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1443-7584, lefmo@yandex.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-0424, prikhodko@madi.ru; d https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-4471, sergey-lefmo@yandex.ru; e https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9097-8216, sukhov-aleksandr96@mail.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2025 vol. 27 no. 1 pp. 77–92 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.1-77-92 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 22 November 2024 Revised: 03 December 2024 Accepted: 03 February 2025 Available online: 15 March 2025 Keywords: Ultrasound Surface layer Ultrasonic vibrations Surface deformation Roughness Microhardness Funding This research was funded by the project of the Russian Science Foundation No. 24-19-00463, https:// rscf.ru/project/24-19-00463/. ABSTRACT Introduction. Among the methods of modifying the surfaces of metal products to change the physicalmechanical and geometric properties of the surface layer, surface plastic deformation (SPD) methods are the most prevalent. Using ultrasound to enhance the effi ciency of deformation processes allows for increase in microhardness and reduction in roughness compared to rolling and smoothing. The greatest technological challenges are caused by ultrasonic surface plastic deformation of curved surfaces, including those obtained by additive technologies. Given that most ultrasonic SPD methods are based on the longitudinal nature of vibrations, to ensure uniform processing of curved surfaces, the tool axis should be oriented at a specifi c angle relative to any point on the surface being processed. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to study the eff ect of the oscillating system inclination angle on the surface properties of steel 45 during ultrasonic surface plastic deformation. This study examines steel 45 samples subjected to ultrasonic SPD at various oscillating system inclination angles: 90°, 75°, 60°, and 45°. Methods. The research methods included metallographic studies of the surface layer microstructure of the samples, measurement of its microhardness and roughness, as well as comparative wear tests. Results and discussion. Ultrasonic surface deformation, at any of the considered tool inclination angles α, creates a hardened layer – from 30 μm at α = 45° to 350 μm at α = 90 °. In this case, the microhardness increases to 240 HV at α = 45°. Furthermore, at any α, there is a signifi cant decrease in roughness. For example, altitude parameters are reduced by more than 8 times. The best results were achieved at α = 60°. The wear test results indicated a substantial reduction in weight loss due to wear following ultrasonic processing. The most signifi cant decrease in wear (more than twofold) was observed at an inclination angle of α = 90°. For citation: Fatyukhin D.S., Nigmetzyanov R.I., Prikhodko V.M., Sundukov S.K., SukhovA.V. Infl uence of the oscillating systems inclination angle on the surface properties of steel 45 during ultrasonic surface plastic deformation. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2025, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 77–92. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.1-77-92. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Fatyukhin Dmitriy S., D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), 64 Leningradsky prospect, 125319, Moscow, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 968 868-60-73, e-mail: mitriy2@yandex.ru References 1. Radchenko V.P., Saushkin M.N., Bochkova T.I. A mathematical modeling and experimental study of forming and relaxation of the residual stresses in plane samples made of EP742 alloy after the ultrasonic hardening under the high-temperature creep conditions. PNRPU Mechanics Bulletin, 2016, vol. 1, pp. 93–112. DOI: 10.15593/perm. mech/2016.1.07. 2. Krylova N.A., Shuvaev V.G. Obespechenie nadezhnosti i kachestva poverkhnostei detalei ul'trazvukovym poverkhnostnym plasticheskim deformirovaniem [Ensuring the reliability and quality of surfaces of parts by ultrasonic surface plastic deformation]. Nadezhnost' i kachestvo = Reliability and Quality, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 205–206.
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