OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 27 No. 4 2025 305 MATERIAL SCIENCE Study of abrasive wear resistance of fl ux-cored wires during surfacing on high-manganese Hadfi eld steel Yulia Karlina 1, a, *, Vladimir Konyukhov 2, 3, b, Tatiana Oparina 2, c 1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation 2 Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83 Lermontova str., Irkutsk, 664074, Russian Federation 3 Cherepovets State University, 5 Lunacharsky pr., Cherepovets, 162600, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-561X, jul.karlina@gmail.com; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9404, konyukhov_vyu@mail.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-6554, martusina2@yandex.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2025 vol. 27 no. 4 pp. 287–308 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.4-287-308 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 14 September 2025 Revised: 03 October 2025 Accepted: 28 October 2025 Available online: 15 December 2025 Keywords: Plasma boriding Amorphous boron Iron borides Coating ABSTRACT Introduction. Austenitic high-manganese steel is commonly used in various railway and mining components, such as crusher plates, where high impact and abrasive resistance and sliding wear resistance are required, as it exhibits a unique combination of high toughness and high work-hardening ability. Therefore, it is important to understand the behavior of wear-resistant materials such as austenitic high-manganese steel under impact and sliding wear. However, this steel has a limitation: it develops its high work-hardening ability only under high impact loads and high-stress conditions. Alternatively, various hardening methods, surfacing, or replacement with low-carbon, high-alloy steels and high-chromium cast irons are used. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the abrasive wear resistance of fl ux-cored wires during surfacing on high-manganese Hadfi eld steel. Methods and materials. This study examines surfacing wires whose main alloying elements are chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. The chemical composition of the surfaced samples was determined using a BRUKER S1 TITAN portable X-ray fl uorescence analyzer for metals and alloys. A Duramin-40 AC3 hardness tester (STRUERS APS, Ballerup, Denmark) was used to measure Rockwell hardness. 1.1% C-13% Mn steel demonstrated an initial bulk hardness of HRc = 23 ± 3. Specimens for microstructural study were selected from cast and surfaced samples. The microstructures were examined by optical microscopy after etching in 2.5% nitric acid solutions, rinsing in methanol, and immersion in 15% HCl solution. Impact abrasive wear tests were conducted on a DUCOM (TR-56-M3) impact abrasive wear testing machine (made in India). Results and discussion. An analysis of a cross-section of a 1.1% C-13% Mn steel specimen after abrasive wear testing revealed crack propagation beneath the surface of the part, with no visible connection to the surface, indicating that cracks initiated both at and below the surface. The microstructure of the surfaced layers, rich in fi nely dispersed boron carbides dispersed in the martensitic matrix, combined with a lamellar molybdenum boride phase, suggests that the material surfaced on Hadfi eld steel may possess higher hardness and wear resistance than the base material. Industrial tests of surfaced beaters revealed that the dominant wear mechanisms are micro-cutting, pitting, and micro-fracture (chipping and micro-indentation). Based on the results of the studies of surfacing materials, it can be concluded that wires with chromium content in the range of 3–6% have the characteristics for applications requiring high abrasive wear resistance in the mining industry. For citation: Karlina Yu.I., Konyukhov V.Yu., Oparina T.A. Study of abrasive wear resistance of fl ux-cored wires during surfacing on high-manganese Hadfi eld steel. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2025, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 287–308. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.4-287-308. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Karlina Yulia I., Ph.D. (Engineering), Research Associate National Research Moscow State Construction University, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 914 879-85-05, e-mail: jul.karlina@gmail.com References 1. Tweedale G., Paton W.D.M. Sir Robert Abbott Hadfi eld F.R.S (1858–1940) and the discovery of manganese steel. Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 1985, vol. 40 (1), pp. 63–74. 2. Gauzzi F., Rossi M., Verdini B. Cold-working induced martensitic transformation in 12 percent Mn austenitic steel (Hadfi eld steel). Metallurgia Italiana, 1971, vol. 63 (11), p. 555.
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk0ODM1