OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 1 2026 111 TECHNOLOGY References 1. Goryunov I.I. Press-formy dlya lit’ya pod davleniem [Press molds for injection molding]. Leningrad, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1973. 256 p. 2. ZhukovA.A., Nemtyrev O.V., Khasanova L.A. Issledovanie korrozionnoi stoikosti stalei dlya press-form lit’ya pod davleniem [Research of corrosion resistance of steels for dies for die casting]. Zagotovitel’nye proizvodstva v mashinostroenii = Blank Production in Mechanical Engineering, 2014, no. 4, pp. 31–35. 3. Gavariev R.V., Gavarieva K.N. The principle of choosing the composition of the protective coating for die casting molds. Defect and Diff usion Forum, 2021, vol. 410, pp. 495–500. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientifi c.net/ ddf.410.495. Enhancing the effi ciency of the die casting process in metal molds Igor Savin 1, a, Nizami Yusubov 2, b, *, Renat Gavariev 1, c, Heyran Abbasova 2, d 1 Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev – KAI, 10, K. Marx St., Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation 2 Azerbaijan Technical University, 25 H. Cavid avenue, Baku, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8653-9960, 1705kzn@mail.ru; b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-9909, nizami.yusubov@aztu.edu.az; c https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-9670, RVGavariev@kai.ru; d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-5275, abbasova.heyran@aztu.edu.az Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 1 pp. 101–113 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-101-113 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 12 December 2025 Revised: 06 January 2026 Accepted: 31 January 2026 Available online: 15 March 2026 Keywords: D൴e cast൴ng Protect൴ve coat൴ngs Cathode-൴on bombardment Poros൴ty reduct൴on Alum൴num alloys Funding This work was supported by the Azerbaijan Science Foundation under Grant No. AEF-MGC-2024-2(50)- 16/01/1-M-01. ABSTRACT Introduction. Die casting remains one of the most productive methods for producing complex thin-walled castings from aluminum alloys. However, typical problems of the process include subsurface gas porosity and the deterioration of product surface roughness due to the wear of the mold cavity surfaces. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative assessment of the eff ectiveness of various methods for strengthening the working surface of molds – traditional nitriding and the deposition of wear-resistant coatings by cathode-ion bombardment (TiN and multilayer TiCN–TiN–MoN) – to improve the quality of aluminum alloy castings. Research Methods. Experimental studies were conducted on “Handle”-type castings made of AK7 alloy. The quality of castings obtained using molds with three types of protective surface coatings (nitriding, TiN, and TiCN–TiN–MoN) was evaluated based on the level of volumetric porosity (in accordance with GOST 1583-93) and the change in the roughness parameter Ra during durability tests (up to 100,000 casting cycles). Results and Discussion. It was established that the application of coatings using the CIB (cathode-ion bombardment) method statistically signifi cantly improves the quality of castings compared to nitriding. The multilayer TiCN–TiN–MoN coating demonstrated the best results: a reduction in the maximum pore diameter by 58% and in their total number by 40%, which allowed the castings to be classifi ed in the reduced porosity category (Grade 2 vs. Grade 3 for nitriding). Durability tests showed that the mold with a nitrided surface ensures acceptable casting roughness (Ra ≤ 3.2 μm) for 75,000 cycles, while the molds with TiN and TiCN–TiN–MoN coatings maintain this parameter at Ra ≤ 1.6 μm up to 100,000 cycles. An important practical advantage of the CIB method is the signifi cantly lower processing time of the deposition process (2–3 hours) compared to nitriding (20–30 hours), which reduces operating costs and equipment downtime. Conclusions. The application of the multilayer nanostructured TiCN–TiN–MoN coating deposited by cathodeion bombardment is the most rational solution for increasing the service life of molds and improving the quality of aluminum alloy castings. This technology ensures a comprehensive improvement of key indicators (porosity, roughness) and off ers signifi cant economic potential due to the reduction in the duration of the mold strengthening process. For citation: Savin I.A., Yusubov N.D., Gavariev R.V., Abbasova H.M. Enhancing the effi ciency of the die casting process in metal molds. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 101–113. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-101-113. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Yusubov Nizami D., D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor Azerbaijan Technical University, 25 H. Javid avenue, AZ 1073, Baku, Azerbaijan Tel.: +994 (55) 324 50 12, e-mail: nizami.yusubov@aztu.edu.az
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