OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 1 2026 204 EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS Dynamic modeling and selection of rational parameters for a millstone mill mechanism to reduce energy consumption Yuriy Podgornyj 1, а, *, Vladimir Ivancivsky 1, b, Tatyana Martynova 1, c, Ayagma Zhargalova 2, d, Ziqi Tong 2, e, Egor Rozhnov 1, f, Gleb Drach 2, g, Alexey Morozov 2, h 1 Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 Prospekt K. Marksa, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation 2 Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 5/1 2nd Baumanskaya St., Moscow, 105005, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1664-5351, pjui@mail.ru; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9244-225X, ivancivskij@corp.nstu.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5811-5519, martynova@corp.nstu.ru; d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-1004, azhargalova@bmstu.ru; e https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6174-3234, tongziqi29@gmail.com; f https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6779-0553, EgoRozhnov@yandex.ru; g https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7618-2896, drach1254@gmail.com; h https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1846-7592, 2809322@gmail.com Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 1 pp. 193–206 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-193-206 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 01 January 2026 Revised: 14 January 2026 Accepted: 14 February 2026 Available online: 15 March 2026 Keywords: Millstone mechanism Dynamic model Moment of inertia Runge–Kutta method Support force Power consumption Energy effi ciency Parameter optimization Funding This study was supported by NSTU grant (project No. TP-PTM-1_26). Acknowledgements The research was carried out using the equipment of the Engineering Center “Design and Production of High-Tech Equipment”. ABSTRACT Introduction. Millstone mills hold a special place among the grinding equipment used in the food industry, as they produce fl our with a high content of biologically valuable grain components through the repeated action of working surfaces on the processed material. However, existing industrial designs of millstone units are characterized by signifi cant energy consumption caused by the high moments of inertia of the rotating millstones. In the context of the ongoing drive toward import substitution and modernization of grain processing enterprises, there is a need to develop new energy-effi cient equipment that meets modern requirements for productivity and specifi c energy consumption. Despite the long history of millstone mill application, the issues of selecting rational inertial-mass characteristics and design parameters of the rotating millstone and their infl uence on the dynamic parameters of the drive and support forces remain insuffi ciently studied. The purpose of this study is to reduce the power consumption of a millstone mill by developing a dynamic model of the mechanism and determining rational design and kinematic parameters of the unit. Methods. Based on D’Alembert’s principle, a system of diff erential equations of motion was formulated for a shaft with a disk (millstone), taking into account the eccentricity of the rotation axis relative to the geometric axis of the millstone. The law of motion was determined by numerical integration using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method with variation of the moments of inertia of the rotating millstone (25.185–40.388 kg·m²) and driving torques (250–500 N·m). Support forces were then calculated by solving matrix equations of static equilibrium , using the previously obtained kinematic characteristics. Finally, a parametric analysis of the infl uence of inter-supports distances and manufacturing accuracy on the magnitude of support forces was carried out. Results and Discussion. It was found that reducing the moment of inertia of the rotating millstone from 40.388 to 25.185 kg·m² leads to a decrease in shaft acceleration time to steady-state rotational speed from 12.2–15.7 s to 7.2–10.0 s and to a reduction in maximum support forces at the most loaded support from 1,000–1,700 N to 600–1,000 N over the driving torque range of 300–500 N·m. It was shown that the rational inter-support distance is 0.58 m, and the permissible displacement of the rotation axis relative to the geometric axis of the millstone should not exceed 0.5–1.0 mm, at which the maximum support force does not exceed 360–700 N. For the proposed design with a millstone moment of inertia of 25.185 kg·m² and a driving torque of 280–300 N·m, the power consumption at the drive shaft was 10.5 kW, which is 50% lower than that of the industrial mill AVR 6-890 (21 kW) at a comparable capacity of 490 kg/h. The obtained results demonstrate the feasibility of structural lightening of the rotating millstone as an eff ective strategy for improving the energy effi ciency of millstone mills. For citation: Podgornyj Y.I., Ivancivsky V.V., Martynova T.G., Zhargalova A.D., Ziqi Tong, Rozhnov E.E., Drach G.A., Morozov A.A. Dynamic modeling and selection of rational parameters for a millstone mill mechanism to reduce energy consumption. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 193–206. DOI: 10.17212/19946309-2026-28.1-193-206. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Podgornyj Yuriy I., D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 Prospekt K. Marksa, 630073, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Tel: +7 383 346-17-79,e-mail: pjui@mail.ru
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