OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 1 2026 291 MATERIAL SCIENCE References 1. Mendez P.F., Barnes N., Bell K., Borle S.D., Gajapathi S.S., Guest S.D., Izadi H., Gol A.K., Wood G. Welding processes for wear resistant overlays. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2014, vol. 16 (1), pp. 4–25. DOI: 10.1016/j. jmapro.2013.06.011. 2. Kanishka K., Acherjee B. Asystematic review of additive manufacturing-based remanufacturing techniques for component repair and restoration. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2023, vol. 89, pp. 220–283. DOI: 10.1016/j. jmapro.2023.01.034. Study of abrasive wear resistance of low-carbon steel surface-alloyed with the Fe-C-Cr system using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) Yulia Karlina 1, a, *, Vladimir Konyukhov 2, 3, b, Tatiana Oparina 2, c 1 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation 2 Irkutsk National Research Technical University, 83 Lermontova str., Irkutsk, 664074, Russian Federation 3 Cherepovets State University, 5 Lunacharsky pr., Cherepovets, 162600, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-561X, jul.karlina@gmail.com; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-9404, konyukhov_vyu@mail.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9062-6554, martusina2@yandex.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 1 pp. 275–294 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-275-294 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 13 December 2025 Revised: 06 January 2026 Accepted: 22 January 2026 Available online: 15 March 2026 Keywords: Chromium carbides Alloying Welding arc Voltage Wear Coating ABSTRACT Introduction. The surface properties of machine parts and tools play a signifi cant role in their performance when the interactive mechanical action on the metal surface leads to wear. Modifying the surface properties of components is essential, particularly in critical industrial applications. Surface properties such as hardness and wear resistance of a metallic material can be primarily enhanced either by introducing a new phase or element into the surface layer, or by surface treatment (e.g., laser, plasma, or electron beam) of the base material to develop the desired phases within the matrix. Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) off ers several advantages over other methods, primarily in terms of precision, speed, and versatility at a relatively low cost. Technically, it is capable of alloying the metal surface more quickly and uniformly compared to conventional carburizing and nitriding processes. During arc heating, the surface is modifi ed by melting a paste or coating preapplied to the substrate through the rapid application of intense arc heat. This results in a steep thermal gradient accompanied by high heating and cooling rates, similar to the principles of laser and electron beam cladding. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility of surface alloying of low-carbon steel with the Fe–C–Cr system using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Methods. The paper examines low-carbon steels using St3 steel as an example. The steel served as the substrate and was coated with a layer (≤1 mm thick) in experiments employing the Fe–C–Cr surface alloying method via GTAW. A powder mixture of Fe and Cr₂O₃ was used as the coating alloy, with a particle size of 45 μm. The samples were examined using optical and electron microscopy, as well as X-ray diff raction. Abrasion resistance tests were also conducted. Results and discussion. Our research has shown that during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), when melting a Fe–C–Cr paste, the shape and size of the fusion zone (FZ) on the steel surface are determined by arc parameters such as current, voltage, and travel speed, while the molten metal pool is protected from atmospheric contamination by an inert argon shielding gas. Adding carbon dioxide to the shielding gas increases the arc’s heat input. To produce a series of hypereutectic hardfaced surface layers using the Fe–C–Cr system, paste variants with varying carbon and chromium contents were developed to study their microstructure, wear resistance, and wear mechanism. Positive results were obtained, demonstrating a two- to three-fold increase in abrasive wear resistance. For citation: Karlina Yu.I., Konyukhov V.Yu., Oparina T.A. Study of abrasive wear resistance of low-carbon steel surface-alloyed with the Fe-C-Cr system using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no 1, pp. 275–294. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-275-294. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Karlina Yulia I., Ph.D. (Engineering), Research Associate National Research Moscow State Construction University, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 914 879-85-05, e-mail: jul.karlina@gmail.com
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk0ODM1