OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 2 2026 238 MATERIAL SCIENCE References 1. Scott H. Relation of the high-temperature treatment of high-speed steel to secondary hardening and red hardness. Washington, US Government Printing Offi ce Publ., 1920. 46 p. Formation of a single-phase recrystallized structure in titanium-based alloys with natural Elinvar behavior by thermomechanical processing Alexandra Baranova a, *, Anastasia Skirpichnikova b, Oleg Strakhov с, Andrey Bazlov d, Olga-Lilia Eliseeva e, Sergey Dubinskiy f National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospekt 4, p. 1, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-4282, baranova.al.pavlovna@yandex.ru; b https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1664-7039, skirpichnikova@internet.ru; c https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9603-2398, strakhovo2018@gmail.com; d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0409-1056, bazlov@misis.ru; e https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2162-2906, eliseeva.olli@gmail.com; f https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-5932, dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 2 pp. 223–242 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-2236-242 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 26 January 2026 Revised: 04 February 2026 Accepted: 14 March 2026 Available online: 15 June 2026 Keywords: Titanium alloys Elinvar alloys Thermomechanical processing Longitudinal rolling Cold rolling Hot rolling Structure formation Phase analysis Funding The present work was carried out with the fi nancial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 25-73-10041, https://rscf.ru/project/ 25-73-10041/. ABSTRACT Introduction. The development of a new class of non-magnetic corrosion-resistant materials with constant elastic properties over a wide temperature range — i.e., exhibiting Elinvar eff ect — is a pressing challenge in the transition to advanced intelligent manufacturing technologies and robotic systems. To address this challenge, it is necessary to develop a process chain for producing ingots of stable β-titanium alloys with Elinvar eff ect. Achieving a stable recrystallized structure of the alloys over a wide temperature range also appears promising. Such advances will enable the use of this class of materials in the fabrication of elastic elements intended for oscillatory measuring systems in aerospace and other high-tech applications. Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of producing a recrystallized β-phase structure in Ti–Nb–Zr, Ti–Nb, and Ti–Mo alloys exhibiting a new type of Elinvar behavior using thermomechanical processing methods. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were accomplished: (1) production of ingots of stable β-titanium potentially Elinvar alloys Ti–22Nb–15Zr, Ti–40Nb, Ti–45Nb, Ti–50Nb, Ti–12.6Mo, Ti–15Mo, and Ti–20Mo (at.%); (2) development of a processing sequence capable of forming a recrystallized equiaxed β-phase structure without traces of other phases, given that the new type of Elinvar behavior is structurally insensitive; and (3) investigation of the structural and phase state of alloys with potentially natural Elinvar behavior, and elucidation of the relationship between grain size and alloying element content. Methods. The objects of the study were ingots of Elinvar alloys Ti–22Nb–15Zr, Ti–40Nb, Ti–45Nb, Ti–50Nb, Ti–12.6Mo, Ti–15Mo, and Ti–20Mo (at.%). The ingots were smelted in an electric arc furnace with a tungsten electrode. The samples were then subjected to thermomechanical processing according to the following schedule: longitudinal hot rolling (true logarithmic strain e = 0.3), homogenization annealing, longitudinal cold rolling (true logarithmic strain e = 0.67), and post-deformation annealing. Annealing was performed at 1,000 °C for 30 minutes in an argon atmosphere, followed by water quenching. The structural and phase state of the samples was investigated using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diff raction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average grain size was determined using the linear intercept method. Results and discussion. Stable β-titanium Elinvar alloy ingots were obtained. They are characterized by a high degree of chemical homogeneity and compliance with the specifi ed composition throughout the cross-section. It was found that the proposed thermomechanical processing route for these alloys leads to the formation of a single-phase recrystallized structure consisting of equiaxed β-phase grains. Grain sizes are shown to vary from 22.6 ± 1.4 to 68.1 ± 3.7 μm. In binary alloys of the Ti–Nb and Ti–Mo systems, a decrease in grain size is observed with an increase in the Nb and Mo content. Specifi cally, for the Ti–Nb system, the grain size decreased from 57.8 ± 3.3 μm to 22.6 ± 1.4 μm with an increase in niobium content of 10 at.%. For the Ti–Mo system, the grain size decreased from 68.1 ± 3.7 μm to 34.4 ± 2.0 μm with an increase in molybdenum content of 7.4 at.%. The formation of a recrystallized equiaxed β-phase structure throughout the ingot volume during combined thermomechanical processing confi rms the potential for industrial application of these alloys. For citation: Baranova A.P., Skirpichnikova A.A., Strakhov O.V., Bazlov A.I., Eliseeva O.-L.V., Dubinskiy S.M. Formation of a singlephase recrystallized structure in titanium-based alloys with natural Elinvar behavior by thermomechanical processing. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 223–242. DOI:10.17212/19946309-2026-28.2-223-242. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Baranova Alexandra P., Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior researcher National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Leninskiy Prospekt 4, p. 1, 119049, Moscow, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 999 924-08-09, e-mail: baranova.al.pavlovna@yandex.ru
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