OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 2 2026 294 MATERIAL SCIENCE References 1. DvornikM.I.,MokritskyB.Ya., ZaitsevA.V. Sravnitel’nyi analizmikroabrazivnoi iznosostoikosti traditsionnykh tverdykh splavov i submikronnogo tverdogo splava WC-8Co-1Cr3C2 [Comparative analysis microabrasive wear traditional submicron carbide and tungsten carbide WC-8Co-1Cr3C2]. Voprosy materialovedeniya = Inorganic Materials: Applied Research, 2015, no. 1 (81), pp. 45–51. (In Russian). 2. Dvornik M.I., Zaitsev A.V. Sravnitel’nyi analiz iznosostoikosti submikronnogo tverdogo splava WC-8Co1Cr3C2 i traditsionnykh tverdykh splavov pri sukhom trenii [Comparative analysis of wear resistance of submicron Manufacturing of die components from WC–15Co and WC–5Fe–5Ni–5Co alloys using dies obtained by photopolymer 3D printing Maksim Dvornik a, Elena Mikhailenko b, Nuriya Vlasova c Khabarovsk Federal Research Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153 Tikhookeanskaya Str., Khabarovsk, 680042, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1216-4438, maxxxx80@mail.ru; b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4515-9109, mea80@list.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-0912, Vlasova64@yandex.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 2 pp. 280–297 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-280-297 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 18 February 2026 Revised: 26 February 2026 Accepted: 23 March 2026 Available online: 15 June 2026 Keywords: Cemented carbide Die Cutting insert Medium-entropy binder phase Wear resistance Funding The study was carried out under the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation No. 075-0039926-00. ABSTRACT Introduction. Manufacturing steel or carbide dies is an expensive process, signifi cantly impacting the cost of powder metallurgy products, especially in pilot and small-scale production.Apromising direction is the use of additive manufacturing for tooling fabrication and the application of alternative, less expensive binders for cemented carbides. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using additive manufacturing for forming die blanks from WC–15 Co and WC–5 Fe–5 Ni–5 Co cemented carbides and to conduct a comparative analysis of their phase composition, microstructure, density, hardness, fracture toughness, strength, and wear resistance. Methods. Die components (dies and punches) made of WC–15 Co and WC–5 Fe–5 Ni–5 Co alloys were fabricated by cold pressing of granulated powders in dies obtained by photopolymer 3D printing (Water-Wash Resin 2.0, layer height 20 μm), followed by vacuum sintering at 1,400 °C. A comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the density, phase composition, microstructure, hardness, strength, fracture toughness, and microabrasive wear resistance of the obtained materials. Using the experimental cemented carbide dies, SNUM-120408 cutting inserts made of WC–6 Co cemented carbide were produced by cold pressing and sintering at 1,450 °C. The insert dimensions were compared with the requirements of GOST 19052-80, GOST 19042-80 and a commercial counterpart. Results and Discussion. The fundamental feasibility of manufacturing large-sized cemented carbide die components (weighing up to 210 g) using photopolymer tooling has been experimentally confi rmed. The relative density of the components was 99.1% for WC–15 Co and 98.3% for WC–5 Fe–5 Ni–5 Co, which is slightly lower than that of reference samples pressed at higher pressure in a steel die. It is shown that replacing the cobalt binder with a medium-entropy Fe–Ni– Co binder suppresses WC grain growth (average grain size: 1.18 μm vs. 1.40 μm). This, together with the higher hardness of the binder, results in increased alloy hardness (1,070 HV vs. 1,010 HV) and a 10% reduction in the microabrasive wear rate. The manufactured dies produced cutting inserts whose geometric parameters (cutting edge length, thickness, corner radius) and physical and mechanical properties comply with the requirements of GOST 19052-80 and GOST 3882-74 and are comparable to commercial counterparts. Conclusion. The proposed approach, combining low-cost photopolymer 3D printing for tooling fabrication with the use of a medium-entropy Fe–Ni–Co-bonded cemented carbide, enables the effi cient production of functional cemented carbide dies for small-scale production. The WC–5 Fe–5 Ni–5 Co cemented carbide, exhibiting higher hardness and wear resistance, is a promising alternative to the standard WC–15 Co cemented carbide for these operating conditions. For citation: Dvornik M.I., Mikhailenko E.A., Vlasova N.M. Manufacturing of die components from WC-15Co and WC-5Fe-5Ni-5Co alloys using dies obtained by photopolymer 3D printing. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 280–297. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-280-297. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Mikhailenko Elena A., Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics), Senior researcher Khabarovsk Federal Research Center FEB RAS, 153 Tihookeanskaya Str., 680042, Khabarovsk, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 4212 22-69-56, e-mail: mea80@list.ru
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