OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 2 2026 347 MATERIAL SCIENCE Analysis of temperature–strain processes during explosive welding of the 1050A / 321 composite using numerical simulation Yulia Malyutina 1, 2, a, *, Tatyana Ogneva 1, b, Ivan Bataev 1, c, Elena Lozhkina 1, d, Vladimir Pai 2, e, Yaroslav Lukyanov 2, f, Evgeny Kuzmin 3, j 1 Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 Prospekt K. Marksa, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation 2 Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, 15 Akademika Lavrentyev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 3 Volgograd State Technical University, 28 V.I. Lenin, Volgograd, 400005, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0305-7518, iuliiamaliutina@gmail.com; b https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0081-283X, pandorra.06@mail.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-0269, ivanbataev@ngs.ru; d https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7119-4944, lozhkinaelena1987@gmail.com; e https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3819-8431, pai@hydro.nsc.ru; f https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-9399, lukyanov@hydro.nsc.ru; j https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1037-5186, e.v.kuzmin@yandex.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 2 pp. 335–350 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-335-350 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 08 April 2026 Revised: 16 April 2026 Accepted: 30 April 2026 Available online: 15 June 2026 Keywords: Explosive welding SPH method Aluminum Stainless steel Impact angle Funding This research was supported by grant No. 25-23-01117 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/ project/25-23-01117/. Acknowledgements The research was conducted using equipment at the Center for Collective Use “Structure, Mechanical, and Physical Properties of Materials” (NSTU). ABSTRACT Traditional welding methods are rarely used to join such material pairs due to their tendency to form brittle intermetallic compounds. One of the main parameters determining the quality of the weld is the impact angle γ. The aim of the work is to study the infl uence of the impact angle on the temperature-strain characteristics in the joint zone during high-velocity impact of aluminum 1050A and steel 321 plates using numerical simulation. Research methods. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method implemented in Ansys Autodyn 2020 R2 software was used for the simulations. In all calculations, the contact point velocity was constant at Vc = 2,500 m/s, and the impact angle varied (9.5°, 12°, 14.5°). The Mie–Grüneisen equation of state and the Johnson–Cook constitutive model were used to describe the properties of the materials. Results and discussion. It was found that an increase in the impact angle leads to higher pressure, temperature, and plastic strain. Specifi cally, temperature and plastic strain increase monotonically with γ, whereas pressure varies non-monotonically, reaching a peak of 8.87 GPa at γ = 12°. At γ = 12°, the most uniform interface is formed, and at γ = 14.5°, an asymmetrical interface with the penetration of steel into aluminum is observed. All studied impact conditions result in local melting of aluminum while keeping the steel solid. The most favorable of the investigated impact angles, which provides a benefi cial combination of pressure, temperature, and interface morphology for the 1050A/321 system at a speed of 2,500 m/s, is 12°. For citation: Malyutina Yu.N., Ogneva T.S., Bataev I.A., Lozhkina E.A., Pai V.V., Lukyanov Ya.L., Kuzmin E.V. Analysis of temperature– strain processes during explosive welding of the 1050A / 321 composite using numerical simulation. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 335–350. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2335-350. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Malyutina Yuliya N., PhD (Engineering), Associate Professor Novosibirsk State Technical University, 20 Prospekt K. Marksa, 630073, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 913 476-99-90, e-mail: iuliiamaliutina@gmail.com
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