OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 28 No. 3 2026 80 TECHNOLOGY References 1. Zhao L., Du B., Yao J., Chen H., Ding R., Li K. Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-aluminum bronze coating on 17-4ph stainless steel by laser cladding. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2022, vol. 35, p. 140. DOI: 10.1186/s10033-022-00807-z. 2. Kozlova O., Voytovych R., Devismes M.-F., Eustathopoulos N. Wetting and brazing of stainless steels by copper–silver eutectic. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2008, vol. 495, pp. 96–101. DOI: 10.1016/j. msea.2007.10.101. Eff ect of heat input during electron beam cladding on the formation of an aluminum bronze coating on stainless steel Alexander Eliseev a, *, Aleksander Panfi lov b, Andrey Vorontsov c, Anna Zykova d, Andrey Cheremnov e Panin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky ave., Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-9729, alan@ispms.ru; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-0743, alexpl@ispms.ru; c https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-7616, vav@ispms.ru; d https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-3784, zykovaap@mail.ru; e https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-8232, amc@ispms.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2026 vol. 28 no. 3 pp. 70–82 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.3-70-82 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 23 June 2026 Revised: 03 July 2026 Accepted: 16 July 2026 Available online: 15 September 2026 Keywords: Aluminum bronze Stainless steel Electron beam cladding Microstructure Funding This work was performed according to the Government research assignment for ISPMS SB RAS, project FWRW2024–0001. ABSTRACT Introduction. The relevance of this research is driven by the need to develop technologies for applying wear- and corrosion-resistant aluminum bronze coatings onto steel surfaces to reduce the weight and cost of components while maintaining their performance in aggressive environments such as seawater. Conventional deposition methods (e.g., brazing or electroplating) fail to provide suffi cient adhesion and are unsuitable for tribological components, whereas high-energy techniques require precise control of heat input and alloy composition to prevent defect formation and the development of brittle intermetallic phases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the eff ect of heat input during electron beam cladding on the formation of a CuAl9Mn2 alloy coating on stainless steel. Materials and methods. This study employed the method of electron beam cladding of single droplets onto a steel substrate under three operating modes with diff erent electron beam current: 30, 45, and 60 mA, corresponding to heat inputs of 135, 202, and 270 J/mm. Metallographic examination, X-ray diff raction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Vickers microhardness measurements were performed on the cross-sections of the deposited droplets. Results and discussion. It was established that with increasing heat input, the dilution ratio of the bronze by the steel increases from 2% to 59%, the penetration depth increases from 0.06 mm to 2.43 mm, and the microhardness rises from 156 HV to 343 HV. At low heat inputs, epitaxial growth of α-Cu is observed along with the presence of β’- Cu3Al and γ-Cu9Al4 phases, indicating rapid cooling. At high heat inputs, intensive melt mixing, elemental diff usion, and the formation of iron-containing inclusions occur, leading to the predominance of α-Cu, α-Fe, and γ-Fe phases and the suppression of the brittle γ-phase. The obtained results demonstrate that controlled dilution during electron beam cladding can be utilized for targeted alloying and strengthening of bronze coatings, ensuring high adhesion and improved mechanical properties without the formation of defects typical of other cladding methods. For citation: Eliseev A.A., Panfi lov A.O., Vorontsov A.V., Zykova A.P. Cheremnov A.M. Eff ect of heat input during electron beam cladding on the formation of an aluminum bronze coating on stainless steel. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2026, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 70–82. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.3-70-82. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Eliseev Alexander A., Ph.D. (Engineering), Scientifi c associate Panin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/4 Akademichesky ave., 634055, Tomsk, Russian Federation Tel.: +7 962 781 3745, e-mail: alan@ispms.ru
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