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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">308847</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2025-27.3-151-165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Corrosion properties of coatings produced from self-fluxing powders by the detonation spraying method</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Коррозионные свойства покрытий из самофлюсующихся порошков, полученных методом детонационного напыления</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4634-7109</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603006348</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">W-6662-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4397-7051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirota</surname><given-names>Vaycheslav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сирота</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics), Director of the Center for High Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук, директор Центра Высоких Технологий</p></bio><email>zmas36@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6455-8172</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">12646543400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-2320-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8338-2861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokhorenkov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прохоренков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь</p></bio><email>bstu-cvt-sem@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1829-2676</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58637258900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GYA-1311-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4046-1033</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churikov</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуриков</surname><given-names>Антон Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь</p></bio><email>churikov.toni@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-5005</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57222400221</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABD-9978-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3513-0430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Podgorny</surname><given-names>Daniil S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подгорный</surname><given-names>Даниил Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер-исследователь</p></bio><email>dan_podgor@mail.ru</email><uri>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniil-Podgornyi</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3013-0829</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55886640800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABF-4151-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4098-5249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alfimova</surname><given-names>Natalia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алфимова</surname><given-names>Наталия Ивановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>alfimovan@mail.ru</email><uri>https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nataliya-Alfimova</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3245-0747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Konnov</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коннов</surname><given-names>Андрей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь</p></bio><email>andrekonnov555@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В. Г. Шухова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Sirota V.V., Prokhorenkov D.S., Churikov A.S., Podgorny D.S., Alfimova N.I., Konnov A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Сирота В.В., Прохоренков Д.С., Чуриков А.С., Подгорный Д.С., Алфимова Н.И., Коннов А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sirota V.V., Prokhorenkov D.S., Churikov A.S., Podgorny D.S., Alfimova N.I., Konnov A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сирота В.В., Прохоренков Д.С., Чуриков А.С., Подгорный Д.С., Алфимова Н.И., Коннов А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/308847">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/308847</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the corrosion properties of innovative coatings based on self-fluxing NiCrBSi alloys (PR-NKh17SR4) modified with 10 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) nanoparticles, produced by detonation spraying. The relevance of the study stems from the critical need to develop new high-performance materials for protecting essential equipment operating under extreme conditions, including marine environments, chemically aggressive solutions, and elevated temperatures. Particular attention is paid to a detailed analysis of the influence of B4C on corrosion mechanisms, the formation of protective passivating layers, and the relationship between microstructure and functional properties of the coatings. <bold>Objective.</bold> A comprehensive evaluation of the effect of 10 wt.% B4C addition on the corrosion resistance, microstructure, and mechanical properties of coatings in comparison with the base alloy NiCrBSi alloy (PR-NKh17SR4) and the commercially available counterpart NiCr/WC alloy (VSNGN-85), widely used in industry. <bold>Methods.</bold> The coatings were applied to 0.40% C-Mn steel substrates using a multi-chamber cumulative detonation spraying unit (MKDU). Modern analytical methods were employed for thorough characterization: scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Mira 3) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD, ARL X'TRA diffractometer) with quantitative phase composition assessment using the Rietveld method. Corrosion tests were conducted in a 3.5% NaCl solution simulating marine environments, using potentiostatic measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on a SmartStat PS-10-4 potentiostat-galvanostat. The depth of corrosion penetration was evaluated using confocal laser microscopy (Lext OLS5000) with a resolution of 10 nm. <bold>Results and discussion.</bold> It was established that the addition of 10 wt.% B4C leads to the formation of a unique multilayered coating structure with an amorphous phase content of up to 12.3% and promotes the formation of passivating chromium (Cr?O?) and boron (B?O?) oxides. Electrochemical measurements revealed an exceptionally low corrosion rate of 0.0014 mm/year, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the base alloy (0.021 mm/year) and 30 times lower than that of the commercial counterpart NiCr/WC alloy (VSNGN-85) (0.041 mm/year). The modified coating exhibits remarkably high polarization resistance (215±25 kΩ·cm²) and minimal porosity (0.6±0.1%). The microhardness reached 680±40 HV, significantly exceeding that of the base alloy (520±30 HV), which is attributed to the formation of dispersed NiB? particles. XRD and EDS analyses confirmed the catalytic effect of B4C, facilitating a more complete transition of silicon into nickel silicide (NiSi). The developed coatings possess a unique combination of high corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and adhesive strength. The obtained results recommend this technology for creating protective coatings for critical components in the oil and gas industry, shipbuilding, and energy sectors. Future research prospects include optimizing powder compositions and spraying parameters for various operational conditions, including elevated temperatures and combined loads.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>В работе представлены результаты комплексного исследования коррозионных свойств инновационных покрытий на основе самофлюсующихся никель-хром-бор-кремниевых сплавов (ПР-НХ17СР4), модифицированных 10 % наночастиц карбида бора (B4C) и полученных методом детонационного напыления. Актуальность исследования обусловлена острой необходимостью разработки новых высокоэффективных материалов для защиты критически важного оборудования, работающего в экстремальных условиях морской среды, химически агрессивных растворов и при повышенных температурах. Особое внимание уделено детальному анализу влияния B4C на механизмы коррозионного разрушения, формирование защитных пассивирующих слоев и взаимосвязь между микроструктурой и функциональными свойствами покрытий. <bold>Цель работы:</bold> комплексная оценка влияния 10%-й добавки B4C на коррозионную стойкость, микроструктуру и механические свойства покрытий в сравнении с базовым сплавом ПР-НХ17СР4 и коммерческим аналогом ВСНГН-85, широко применяемым в промышленности. <bold>Методы исследования. </bold>Покрытия наносили на подложки из стали 40Г методом детонационного напыления с использованием многокамерной кумулятивной установки МКДУ. Для всесторонней характеристики покрытий применяли современные аналитические методы: сканирующую электронную микроскопию (СЭМ Mira 3) с энергодисперсионным анализом и рентгенофазовый анализ (XRD, дифрактометр ARL X'TRA) с количественной оценкой фазового состава методом Ритвельда. Коррозионные испытания проводили в 3,5%-м растворе NaCl, имитирующем морскую среду, с использованием потенциостатических измерений и электрохимической импедансной спектроскопии на потенциостате-гальваностате SmartStat PS-10-4. Для оценки глубины коррозионного поражения применяли конфокальную лазерную микроскопию (Lext OLS5000) с разрешением 10 нм. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение. </bold>Установлено, что введение 10 % B4C приводит к формированию уникальной многослойной структуры покрытия с содержанием аморфной фазы до 12,3 % и способствует образованию пассивирующих оксидов хрома (Cr2O3) и бора (B2O3). Электрохимические измерения показали рекордно низкую скорость коррозии – 0,0014 мм/год, что на порядок меньше, чем у базового сплава (0,021 мм/год), и в 30 раз ниже, чем у коммерческого аналога ВСНГН-85 (0,041 мм/год). Модифицированное покрытие демонстрирует исключительно высокое поляризационное сопротивление (215 ± 25 кОм·см2) и минимальную пористость (0,6 ± 0,1 %). Микротвердость составила 680 ± 40 HV, что существенно превышает характеристики базового сплава (520 ± 30 HV) и обусловлено образованием дисперсных частиц NiB2. Методами XRD и ЭДС подтвержден каталитический эффект B4C, способствующий более полному переходу кремния в силицид никеля (NiSi). Разработанные покрытия обладают уникальным сочетанием высокой коррозионной стойкости, износостойкости и адгезионной прочности. Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать данную технологию для создания защитных покрытий ответственных узлов оборудования в нефтегазовой отрасли, судостроении и энергетике. Перспективы дальнейших исследований связаны с оптимизацией состава порошков и параметров напыления для различных эксплуатационных условий, включая повышенные температуры и комбинированные нагрузки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Detonation spraying</kwd><kwd>Corrosion properties of coatings</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Детонационное напыление</kwd><kwd>коррозионные свойства покрытий</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Funding&#13;
The research was conducted as part of Comprehensive Project No. 30/22 dated October 12, 2022, under Agreement No. 075-11-2025-026 of February 27, 2025: “Development of High-Tech Production of Composite Cutting Elements for Machinery and Thermal Equipment in Agricultural Product Processing”.&#13;
&#13;
Acknowledgements&#13;
The study was performed using equipment from the High Technologies Center of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансирование&#13;
Исследования выполнены в рамках Комплексного проекта №30/22 от 12.10.22 г. в рамках Соглашения № 075-11-2025-026 от 27 февраля 2025 года «Создание высокотехнологичного производства композиционных режущих элементов машин и теплового оборудования для переработки продукции сельскохозяйственной отрасли».&#13;
&#13;
Благодарности&#13;
Исследования выполнены на оборудовании Центра высоких технологий БГТУ им В. Г. Шухова.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Simunovic K., Saric T., Simunovic G. Different approaches to the investigation and testing of the Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coatings – A review. Part 1: General facts, wear and corrosion investigations // Tribology Transactions. – 2014. – Vol. 57 (6). – P. 955–979.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cost of corrosion in the United States // Handbook of environmental degradation of materials / G.H. Koch, M.P.H. Brongers, N.G. Thompson, Y.P. Virmani, J.H. Payer. – William Andrew Publishing, 2005. – P. 3–24. – DOI: 10.1016/B978-081551500-5.50003-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Thompson N.G., Yunovich M., Dunmire D. 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