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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">392247</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.1-81-100</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Sustainability evaluation using an eco-index for Inconel 718 EDM with a hybrid Al2O3 -graphene nano-dielectric fluid</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка устойчивости с использованием экоиндекса для электроэрозионной обработки сплава Inconel 718 с применением гибридной Al2O3-графеновой нанодиэлектрической жидкости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2761-8754</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58037065800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulkarni</surname><given-names>Paresh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулкарни</surname><given-names>Пареш</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophy, Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>paresh2410@gmail.com</email><uri>https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=qwk6lsoAAAAJ&amp;hl=en&amp;oi=ao</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-3098</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55573644700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAR-7619-2021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chinchanikar</surname><given-names>Satish</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чинчаникар</surname><given-names>Сатиш</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor; 2. Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune - 411037, India; satish.chinchanikar@vit.edu</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор техн. наук, профессор; 2. Технологический институт Вишвакарма, филиал Университета Савитрибай Пхуле Пуны, Пуна – 411037, Махараштра, Индия; satish.chinchanikar@vit.edu</p></bio><email>satish.chinchanikar@vit.edu</email><uri>https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&amp;user=iRzKOQEAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">D.Y. Patil International University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Международный университет имени Д.И. Патила</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Технологический институт Вишвакарма, филиал Университета Савитрибай Пхуле Пуны</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kulkarni P., Chinchanikar S.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Кулкарни П., Чинчаникар С.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulkarni P., Chinchanikar S.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кулкарни П., Чинчаникар С.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/392247">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/392247</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Environmentally sustainable machining is crucial to improve the manufacturing sector's cost-effectiveness and resource efficiency while mitigating its negative environmental impact. The “eco-index” is a multi-criteria metric that assesses the sustainability of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) of Inconel 718 by quantifying its total environmental and economic impact using a normalized and weighted approach. <bold>The purpose of this work</bold> is to describe the eco-index for Inconel 718 EDM, which assesses sustainability through environmental indicators such as energy and material consumption, waste generation, emissions, and toxicity, as well as economic indicators including operating and disposal costs along with productivity metrics. However, there are limited studies on sustainability evaluation using the eco-index for Inconel 718 EDM processed with a hybrid nano-dielectric fluid. <bold>The methods of investigation. </bold>This study investigates the machining performance and environmental sustainability of the EDM process of Inconel 718 using a hybrid nanoparticle-mixed dielectric fluid. A hybrid nano-dielectric fluid was prepared by dispersing Al2O3 and graphene nanoparticles in an equal proportion (total concentration of 0.1%) in EDM oil using a two-step method involving SDS as a surfactant, magnetic stirring, and ultrasonication to ensure a stable suspension. Experiments were conducted on an EDM machine with a copper electrode by varying the pulse on-time (50–150 µs), peak current (3–10 A), and discharge voltage (40–50 V). Key performance responses, including material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness (<bold>Ra</bold>), tool wear rate (TW), hole cylindricity (<bold>ρ</bold>), energy consumption (<bold>E</bold>), and a weighted eco-index (EI), were evaluated to quantify the combined productivity, quality, and sustainability performance. <bold>Results and Discussion. </bold>The results demonstrate that the hybrid nano-dielectric fluid improves overall EDM efficiency compared to conventional EDM oil by promoting stable discharge behaviour, enhanced heat transfer, and efficient debris flushing, which increases MRR, improves surface finish, reduces tool wear, enhances the cylindricity of the machined hole, and lowers energy consumption, leading to a higher eco-index across most machining conditions. Surface integrity analysis using SEM revealed a substantial reduction in recast layer thickness, which decreased from 17.05 µm (base oil) to 3.91 µm (hybrid nano-dielectric fluid), indicating reduced thermal damage and resolidification. EDX further confirmed nanoparticle involvement through carbon enrichment (graphene deposition) and Al–O signatures (alumina contribution), supporting the proposed mechanisms for improved plasma stability and reduced metallic redeposition. Overall, the hybrid Al2O3–graphene nano-dielectric fluid provides an effective and sustainable approach for the EDM of Inconel 718 by balancing precision, productivity, and environmental efficiency.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Экологически устойчивая механическая обработка крайне важна для повышения экономической эффективности и ресурсоэффективности производственного сектора при одновременном снижении его негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. «Экоиндекс» – это многокритериальный показатель, оценивающий устойчивость процесса электроэрозионной обработки (ЭЭО) сплава Inconel 718 путем количественного определения его общего экологического и экономического воздействия с использованием нормализованного и взвешенного подхода. <bold>Целью данной работы</bold> является описание экоиндекса для ЭЭО сплава Inconel 718. Экоиндекс оценивает устойчивость через такие экологические показатели, как потребление энергии и материалов, образование отходов, выбросы и токсичность, а также экономические показатели, включая эксплуатационные и утилизационные затраты наряду с показателями производительности. Однако существует ограниченное количество исследований по оценке устойчивости с использованием экоиндекса для ЭЭО сплава Inconel 718, обработанного с применением гибридной нанодиэлектрической жидкости. <bold>Методика исследования.</bold> В данном исследовании изучаются эксплуатационные характеристики обработки и экологическая устойчивость процесса ЭЭО сплава Inconel 718 при использовании гибридной диэлектрической жидкости с добавлением наночастиц. Гибридная нанодиэлектрическая жидкость была приготовлена методом диспергирования наночастиц Al?O? и графена в равной пропорции (общая концентрация 0,1 %) в масле для ЭЭО согласно двухстадийному методу, включающему применение ПАВ (додецилсульфата натрия), магнитное перемешивание и ультразвуковую обработку для обеспечения стабильности суспензии. Эксперименты проводились на станке для ЭЭО с медным электродом при варьировании длительности импульса (50…150 мкс), пикового тока (3…10 А) и напряжения разряда (40…50 В). Ключевые выходные характеристики, включая скорость съема материала (MMR), шероховатость поверхности (Ra), интенсивность износа инструмента (TW), цилиндричность отверстия (ρ), потребление энергии (E) и взвешенный экоиндекс (EI), были оценены для количественного определения совокупной производительности, качества и показателей устойчивости. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Результаты демонстрируют, что гибридная нанодиэлектрическая жидкость повышает общую эффективность ЭЭО по сравнению со стандартным маслом для ЭЭО за счет обеспечения более стабильного разряда, улучшенного теплоотвода и эффективного удаления продуктов эрозии. Это приводит к увеличению MRR, улучшению чистоты поверхности, снижению износа инструмента, уменьшению отклонения от цилиндричности обработанного отверстия и сокращению энергопотребления, что для большинства режимов обработки ведет к более высокому значению экоиндекса. Анализ целостности поверхности с помощью СЭМ выявил существенное уменьшение толщины повторно затвердевшего слоя, которая сократилась с 17,05 мкм (стандартное масло) до 3,91 мкм (гибридная нанодиэлектрическая жидкость), что свидетельствует о снижении термического повреждения и вторичного оплавления. EDX-анализ дополнительно подтвердил наличие наночастиц по обогащенному углеродному сигналу (осаждение графена) и наличию пиков Al-O (вклад оксида алюминия), что подтверждает предложенные механизмы улучшения стабильности плазмы и снижения металлического переосаждения. В целом гибридная диэлектрическая жидкость на основе наночастиц Al?O? и графена обеспечивает эффективный и экологически устойчивый метод электроэрозионной обработки сплава Inconel 718, при этом достигается оптимальный баланс между точностью обработки, производительностью и экологической эффективностью процесса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM)</kwd><kwd>Inconel 718</kwd><kwd>Sustainability</kwd><kwd>Nano-dielectric fluid</kwd><kwd>Eco-index</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Электроэрозионная обработка (ЭЭО)</kwd><kwd>Inconel 718</kwd><kwd>Устойчивое развитие</kwd><kwd>Нанодиэлектрическая жидкость</kwd><kwd>Экоиндекс</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Multiscale characterization of surface integrity of machined Inconel 718 / O. Schenk, M.V. Doost, P.B. genannt Wäcken, M. Meurer, T. Bergs, C. 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